Tonic seizures. The classification of seizures, causes and treatment

Perhaps no man who would not be known involuntary contractions of muscles, appear suddenly as the attack continued and often long. But there are people who have this phenomenon is regular, lasts long and gives a lot of problems, reflected and on health, and even personal life. What are cramps how their klassificeret and what tools will help to deal with them, we will cover later in the article.

Classified As seizures?

Depending on the nature of the involuntary muscle contractions are divided into clonic, tonic and klonico-tonic. Tonic – reduce, forcing the limb to stiffen in flexion or extension. And clonic seizures are characterized by a rapid succession of contraction and relaxation of muscles, resulting in stereotyped movements (twitching) of different amplitude. Accordingly, klonico-tonic phase shift clonic and tonic contractions.

Also, depending on the prevalence of convulsive manifestations, they are divided into:

1) localized (one muscle or group of them) – during focal stimulation of the motor areas of the cerebral cortex, innervating any limb, the face, etc.;

2) generalized (convulsions of the whole body) – they capture immediately all the muscles as a rule, are accompanied by loss of consciousness and may be the final stage of seizure activity of any type.

Depending on the etiology of the seizures of muscle contraction can be varied in form, duration and frequency. Different are also and particularly in the state after the seizure, and laboratory studies.

Causes of seizures

From what seizures, to install in some cases, the cause may be poisoning, disorders of the nervous system, metabolism, the cardiovascular system, brain, or glands of internal secretion. And some patients involuntary contractions of the muscles caused or intensified from the action of external stimuli, such as sudden loud sound, pricking with a needle, bright flashing lights, etc. or during deep breathing and being in a stuffy room.

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Of Identical form convulsions can occur when different diseases to be symptoms of serious pathologies. So when it occurs you must immediately contact the doctor.

Seizures: causes

The children described the contraction of the muscles occur more often than in adults. This is due to the imperfection of the nervous system of the child and characteristics of the structure of the brain-its cells are easily excited, and the process of braking when it is still unstable and immature.

To Provoke convulsions in children may be birth asphyxia, birth trauma, presence of diabetes, a nursing mother, encephalopathy, and infectious diseases of the nervous system.

But caused convulsions in a child causes not necessarily be pathologies of the nervous system or brain. It may be a lack of calcium in the body or muscular problems. Often in children, these seizures are caused by high temperature, reaction to the vaccine (most often we are talking about DTP) or emotional and mental disorders.

Features of seizure activity in epilepsy

But the disease, which recall in the first place, speaking of seizures is epilepsy. The reason for any forms of seizures in this disease is an abnormal, very high activity of electrical impulses between neurons in the brain.

Most Often accompany epilepsy generalized clinico-tonic convulsions. Their occurrence the patient usually feels with the so-called aura – the state before the attack. It is characterized by a heightened perception of sounds, smells, feeling of fear, anxiety, unusual taste in the mouth.

Then, as a rule, the patient loses consciousness, sometimes managing to publish a rather loud cry or sound similar to howl. After all there is a severe tonic muscle tension, jaw clenching, much difficulty breathing, face turns blue, and starts jerking. With the lips of the patient appears foam may cause involuntary urination.

After some time, the breathing is restored, the face takes normal color, convulsive tremors are becoming increasingly rare and gradually pass. Such a seizure lasts less than 3 minutes. After the termination of seizures may twilight state of consciousness. Then, usually in a dream. Waking up, the patient does not remember anything.

Seizures caused by the metabolic disorders

But to provoke tonic cramps can other condition in which the brain turns out to be a toxic effect. For example, the increase in temperature, decrease in the number of calcium ions in the blood drop in her sugar levels, insufficient intake in the brain of oxygen.

Convulsions at high temperature caused by loss of fluid and electrolytes (chloride and sodium) due to increasedsweating and inadequate drinking. And the amount of calcium in the blood may be reduced by removal of the parathyroid glands, and it manifests itself with cramps in the leg muscles (in the calf). By the way, its level is reduced also due to malabsorption of this substance in the intestines caused by kidney disease.

A Common cause of seizures is intoxication due to caffeine toxicity, salts of oxalic acid, morphine, cocaine, fluorine, atropine, mushrooms.

What to do when leg cramps?

Of Course, if you have a regular tonic convulsions, you should be sure to consult your doctor for a complete examination and to find out their reasons. Short spasms also can try to remove it on their own.

So, if this unpleasant phenomenon bothers your lower limbs, you need to:

• Pull the toe straight foot;
• Put your feet on the cold floor and walk barefoot;
• RUB the foot warming ointment;
• Make self-massage of the foot – from the toes to the heel, or calf – from the heel up to the knee;
• If there are no contraindications to take pill “Aspirin” (it will improve blood circulation in the vessels of the legs).

Will Help in this case and a homemade ointment from convulsions. It is made from 2 tsp of mustard and 1 tsp of olive oil. The PAP smear affected muscles, and relief comes almost immediately.

Cramps in hands – a problem which can be combated

Hand Cramps can be referred to occupational health problems, as they most often affects office workers who spend too much time on the computer, musicians, tailors, athletes, etc. But the doctors called and other reasons that can cause them:

• Stress
• Circulatory disorders of the upper extremities as a result of degenerative disc disease or problems with the cardiovascular system
• Hypothermia the skin of the hands,
• Poisoning food or alcohol
• As well as the addiction to coffee.

Hand Cramps usually bother to single brush, so in case they appear healthy massage spazmirovannah hand. RUB your fingers starting from the base, squeeze and unclench his fist, vigorously rotate the brush, stretch and relax your fingers.

For Those who have muscle spasms occur periodically, doctors are advised to drink chamomile or Linden tea, is able to relax them, or for 2 weeks twice a day to wipe the affected convulsions locations with lemon juice. If the problem began to occur too often, you should consult a specialist to determine the true causes of the problem and selection of medicines.

What is dangerous muscle twitching?

As you can see from all the above, and clonic, and tonic seizures can be associated with serious problems in the functioning of the brain or endocrine disorders. In addition, during the above mentioned spasms in the brain produced a large deficiency of oxygen, which, of course, can not fail to affect metabolic processes. The children affected are intelligence, personality changes occur, is detected by a lag in physical development. Equally dangerous is this condition and adults.

In severe cases, seizures can cause respiratory failure and even death of the patient. Therefore, they cannot be ignore or try to rid yourself of this condition requires accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment.

Muscle Cramps treatment

Treatment of convulsions involves combating the main reason that caused them. So, when their neurogenic nature of the drugs used to eliminate vegetative dysfunction-sedative, tranquilizing and wegetotropona action (“Medazepam”, “Bellataminalum”, “Sibazon”, etc.). Hysterical form of convulsive seizure sessions of psychotherapy and apply the funds to eliminate the anxiety (“Frenolon”, “Fenazepam”, etc.) or depression (the‘Aminotrimethylene”, “Azafen”, etc.).

Epilepsy patient is prescribed for continuous use of pills cramps, increase the content of mediators of inhibition: “Finlepsin”, “ ... ”, “Benzonal” etc., as well as dehydration products (“Furosemid”).

Local cramps are also treated by effects on the underlying problem – clean-up of muscular hypertonicity with novocaine blockades and physiotherapy.

Finally Some tips

Recurrent tonic convulsions – Is a symptom that requires a mandatory visit to the doctor, and to what exactly, try to determine for yourself.

• If you have a history of atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis and similar diseases, consult a neurologist.
• If there are vascular diseases of legs (varicose veins, venous insufficiency), you have to help a vascular surgeon or phlebologist.
• Give blood for electrolytes and sugar, it will help to exclude the presence of metabolic causes for the spasms of the muscles.
• If there is no obvious reason, contact your endocrinologist or neurologist for examination.