Insulin: the rate of introduction of diabetes mellitus

Insulin – a versatile hormone that regulates all types of metabolism. Under its action is the digestion of carbohydrates, increased synthesis of proteins and lipids. This hormone is produced in the pancreas. Insulin in the human body is in inverse proportion to the amount of glucose in the blood: if a lot of the hormone – little glucose, and Vice versa. When a deficiency of this substance develop severe diabetes. In this disease, the hormone used as replacement therapy, i.e. administration of drugs supports insulin within the required standards. Insulin therapy is mandatory for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type I, also called insulin-dependent. The drug is also indicated for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and lactation, the ketoacidosis and diabetic coma, surgery and infectious diseases in secondary resistance to sulfonamides and angiopathy of high degrees. If the patient was prescribed insulin, the rate of introduction of selected individually. It is determined by the level of baseline glycaemia and sensitivity to the drug, as well as dietary habits and physical activity. In the selection of the required dose should take into account the disease duration, level of glycemia, as well as previous experience of hormone treatment. In the first year of the disease is prescribed insulin, the normal dose which is usually not more than 0.5 U/kg/day. Further, the requirement of this substance increases gradually. There is the traditional and intensive insulin therapy scheme. In the traditional scheme of treatment 70% of usual daily dose is administered in the morning, the remaining 30% – night. The basic principles of insulin therapy:

mostly assigned to the long-acting insulin;

- insulins short-term use in small doses;

- the meal of correct peaks of insulin action;

- the number of meals to 5-6 times a day;

- the daily dose is administered in two primary injections.

The Basic principles of intensive insulin therapy:

- often used insulin, short-acting;

- the number of injections of hormonal drugs for at least 3-4 days;

insulin, long-acting, used in small doses in the form of a main injection;

injection adapts to the meals, but not Vice versa.

In recent years, considerable distribution intensive insulinotherapy using a syringe-pens. The introduction of hormonal drug use injection pens are simple and safe. Injections are made using a removable disposable needles, which have a thin cutting blade, through which insulin are virtually painless. In the syringe pens is a special mechanism by which the injected insulin, the rate of which is automatically dosed. The method of manufacture are drugs derived from the pancreas of cattle or pigs by the method of purification of human insulin synthesized by genetic engineering. For the duration of action distinguish the drugs are short-acting, intermediate and prolonged action. Usually they are administered by subcutaneous injection in the area of the front or outer thigh, the outer surface of the shoulder. The most effective introduction to the abdomen, because the drug is thus absorbed in the system of portal vein, quickly reaches the liver, where it exerts its hypoglycemic action. Whatever was assigned to the insulin, the rate of introduction of it must exactly match the prescribed dose. A deviation from the norm is often complicated with severe diabetic or hypoglycemic coma.