Cyst of the brain in newborn – types, causes and treatment

A Cyst of the brain is three-dimensional structure of a spherical shape, which is filled with liquid, replacing the affected tissue. In newborns it is a very common diagnosis than it may seem at first glance. Every third child usually is born with this disease. Sometimes the size of the formation is so small that the baby may not even show any concern. Over time, the cyst may disappear without a trace.

Causes of newborns

A Cyst of the brain in the newborn can occur for a number of reasons. Factors her appearance like the causes of most diseases of the nervous system, to date, have not been studied. The main causes of cystic masses include the following factors:

• Injury during childbirth.
• Getting injured in the process of life.
• The Acquisition of injury resulting from intrapartum infections when trauma is transmitted from mother to child. In this case, often to the formation of cysts leads to the herpes virus.
• The Presence of congenital anomalies and pathologies of the Central nervous system.
• The Appearance of circulatory disorders of the brain.
• Infections of the nervous system that were migrated by a child, for example, meningitis or encephalitis.
• Bleeding in the brain.

Types of disease

Depending on the location, structure, and, moreover, the causes of cyst of brain klassificeret as follows:

Directly at the time of occurrence of this disease can take two forms:

• A Congenital form that occurs as a result of anomalies in development of the nervous system in the fetus.
• The Acquired form, when there is brain injury or wound infection.

The Types and causes cysts in the newborn is of interest to many.

Localization classification is as follows:

• Type Subependymal cysts. About this talk when the cyst is cerebral, located inside the brain. This is the most dangerous cyst of the brain, which can be found in children in the first year of life. It is formed due to oxygen starvation of brain cells or result in their death. Without timely treatment, this pathology may cause irreversible disorders of the nervous system. Consequences in this case is a violation of the vital functions of the body along with the disability or death of the baby.
• Type of Arachnoid cysts is with the formation of the arachnoid sheath of the brain. This cyst is able to be localized in any brain Department, respecting his gemodinamike. It is less dangerous than the previous one, but also requires special attention of surgeons. Its effects are likely to be more favorable for life, but the lack of treatment can lead to delays of the child, in terms of psychomotor development.
  

According to the structure of the cyst are divided according to the following classifications:

• Colloid type of education. Such a cyst is laid in utero. While the size of the cyst is not large, it does not cause any symptoms. Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal cyst can easily be seen. With the growth of the organism is increased and the cyst. Its main symptom is severe hydrocephalus. This type of the disease requires surgical therapy in the neurosurgical patient.
• Dermoid type cysts are formed on the background of the embryogenesis of the fetus that occurs from undifferentiated cells leaves the skin and hair follicles. Such education alone does not resolve, requiring surgical treatment.
• Epidermoid type consists of squamous epithelium and cornified elements of the cells. Such a cyst is considered the most benign of all that occur in infants, but it also requires surgical intervention.
• Type of Pineal cysts. Against this background, education is rapidly evolving hydrocephalus. Children, if present, undergo inflammatory diseases of the nervous system.
• A Cyst of the choroid plexus. This pathology usually has a small size and does not cause any symptoms. Consequences of the threat to health it is also not responsible, because it is formed when the fetus is in the womb and is absorbed immediately after birth without requiring surgery.

Symptoms pathology

Symptomatic cyst of the brain in the newborn may manifest itself in different ways, which depends on the kind of education, period of its occurrence, the limitations of the process, volume and localization.

Common symptoms of large entities are expressed in the refusal of the breast. These children may be difficult to eat and plenty of burp after a meal. The child will be lethargic, slow developing, and scrinivasan kapriznaya without any reason. Symptoms of brain cysts can be difficult to recognize.

These children are disturbed coordination, they may not respond to toys that would indicate a weakening of view. There might also be reactions to sounds, with ENT pathologies they will not. Such children are usually considerably behind in psychomotor development, poorly gaining weight.

Over time if the brain cyst froma newborn does not treat (especially when it is related to dermoid and arachnoid cyst), children can start to deform the skull. Against this background, the size of the brain of the Department will be greatly prevail before the front.

With regard to the subependymal vascular cysts of the brain, it carries its own characteristics. Such a cyst often affects the motor structure of the brain, causing seizures along with the involuntary twitching, paresis and paralysis. The growth of cysts in the child will be raised intracranial pressure and seizures in turn will begin to increase. Sometimes these children may experience hemorrhagic stroke. Very often vascular cyst on baby's brain puts pressure on other brain structures, causing variability of the clinical picture.

Multicyclone disease in children

Multicostata encephalomalacia is a severe pathology, affecting brain tissue at a very early age. This disease is expressed in the appearance of multiple cavitary structures of different sizes throughout the white matter, which is characterized by extremely severe course with a disappointing forecast.

The Most vulnerable period when multicasts brain develops most often is a stage twenty-eight gestoses weeks before the first few days after birth. The main factors causing the development of a plurality of foci of necrosis, are the following reasons:

• The Appearance of herpetic infections and cytomegalovirus.
• The presence of the rubella virus or Toxoplasma.
• The Impact of enterobacteria or Staphylococcus aureus.
• Prenatal asphyxia, along with a birth injury.
• Development of thrombosis of the sinuses.
• The Presence of malformations of the blood vessels as well as sepsis.

In that case, if you are diagnosed with a cyst of the brain, the child is likely following complications:

• The Appearance of pronounced physical and mental underdevelopment, in which a child is unable to walk or speak.
• Development of epileptic encephalopathy that will be expressed in multiple seizures of epilepsy.

Forecast in this case would be extremely difficult.

Pseudocysts structure

Doctors still haven't identified what exactly differs pseudocyst in the brain of the newborn from other similar entities. Often experts refer to the presence or absence of the epithelium, which lines the cavity, but such a judgment has not yet been confirmed. But what about this pseudocyst, and whether it can be considered a dangerous anomaly for a child? There are a number of criteria by which professionals distinguish pseudo-education that is:

• About the Presence of cavitary structures, which are localized in the area of the bodies of the lateral ventricles of the brain.
• Lack of blood in the cavity of the capsule, which is filled with a clear liquid.
• The reason for the appearance of a false education is not determined by genetic anomalies, that is, talking about acquired diseases.

Ninety five out of one hundred babies who have ventricular pseudo-education, you may not receive any violations in development. Considered dangerous subependymal pseudocyst, localized in the tissues. It may occur on the background of violations of the prenatal period and includes bleeding along with tissue hypoxia, which damaged the lateral ventricles. Also may be ischemia, leading to necrosis of cells in certain areas.

The Threat is especially likely to occur if about the structure starts to grow, and the diseases in which it was formed, causing serious damage. This situation will require its removal along with treatment of ischemia and other complications of birth injury.

In that case, if the first year of life child Pseudorasbora not resolve, you will need regular ultrasound along with a visit to a neurologist to monitor the growth dynamics. In addition to this you will need to monitor the intracranial pressure and all kinds of deviations in behavior of the baby. Among such deviations may be the inability of a child to concentrate, excessive crying and so on. Very good indicator for the ultrasound will be a reduction in the anomalies.

Diagnostic pathology

In the process of diagnosis of cyst of the brain in the newborn have some particularities. The fact that in infants the large Fontanelle is not yet closed. Usually he only closes on-year. In this regard, newborn, first of all, an ultrasound study of the brain. An experienced professional within this study can determine the presence, size and localization of education.

For a more accurate diagnosis is performed computed tomography of the brain. The peculiarity of this procedure for children up to five years is that it is carried out under General anesthesia, which increases the risk of complications.

The Introduction of children to anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic of cystic education is compulsory due to the fact that newborns are constantly moving, making it impossible to perform the examination. The type of anesthesia is chosen individually, but the most common preparation for the introduction ofchild medicated sleep is “Thiopental". Such diagnostics are required to conduct in the dynamics, every four months or unplanned according to the testimony. This method also helps to differentiate pseudocyst.

What children should be tested for the presence of cysts of the brain?

This examination is necessary in the following cases:

• At risk are primarily children whose mothers during pregnancy for the first time have contracted herpes.
• In the case that pregnancy in women suffered from complications in the form of water shortage, large fetus and other fetal abnormalities.
• Children with birth injuries.

What is the treatment of cysts of the brain?

Treatment

The Formation of cysts in the brain is not a sentence for a child. All depends on localization of education and its view. Treatment usually is divided into conservative, i.e. medical and surgical. In that case, if the cystic formation is not growing in size and there is no new neurological symptoms, then assigned to conservative treatment.

Children are being prescribed drugs whose action is directed at improving the rheological properties of blood and normalization of the overall hemodynamic. Often prescribed immunomodulators, particularly in cases when the disease is caused by an infection. We should not forget about the therapy of the pathogen, this used antibiotics, along with antiviral and antifungal drugs. Pseudocyst is also amenable to conservative treatment.

Subependymal cysts usually dissolve with time, after their MRI picture can be seen a small spike. Slightly worse is the case with dermoid and arachnoid type of education. They require a special approach in treatment. As they grow older the child grows and the cyst which compresses the surrounding tissue. In this case, it requires a neurosurgical operation.

Removal of cyst of the brain is carried out with the help of palliative and radical procedures. Most often the preference is given first. Palliative therapy is to conduct bypass surgery cavity formation or removed by endoscopic method. When shunting the cyst drainage is introduced, according to which it should be emptied. The shunt for some time, is in a cavity that opens additional gates for infection. Another disadvantage is that the cyst itself then still remains, and therefore might again be filled.

The Endoscopic technique is less dangerous in terms of complications. The neurosurgeon gets to the brain using an endoscope. The cyst is a hole that saneroite. This procedure needs an experienced specialist, as there is a high risk of damage to nearby brain structures.

Radical method of treatment of cysts of the choroid plexus of the brain is rarely used. Most often it is performed in dermoid formations. This method primarily involves the opening of the box of the skull and subsequent removal of the cyst. But it's a huge risk, and there is a high risk to provoke a defect in the skull. Besides, it is very difficult to predict what will close the trepanation window. In place of the surgical plate can then disrupt the process of regeneration.

What is the prognosis?

Parents should keep in mind that successful treatment of congenital or acquired forms of entities requires early diagnosis, which should include:

• Conducting of neurosonography.
• Perform Doppler electroencephalography.
• Conducting positron emission, and, in addition, magnetic resonance imaging.
• Perform cerebral scintigraphy.

When small amounts and timely treatment, the prognosis for life is favorable. But in cases when the cyst is large, and surgical treatment for any reason cannot or was held untimely, the consequences could be irreparable. Such children may lag behind in physical, psychomotor, and eventually in sexual development. They, unlike others, is impacted vision and hearing. Very often they are disabled.

A Cyst of the brain in adult

A Cyst in the head – it's bubble-shaped capsule with a liquid content in the tissues of the brain. It can be placed in any part of the brain, but most often it can be found in the cobweb covering the cortex of the hemispheres.

Born of the cyst because of trauma, disease, other influences contributing to the formation of areas with dead cells. Between temporal and parietal lobes is liquid. When there are anomalous zones, this liquid replaces the necrotic tissue. Then its volume increases and the cavity is formed, which turns into a cyst.

Pineal brain cyst-a cavity filled with liquid contents that are in the region of the epiphysis of the middle brain. The frequency of detection very small, and no symptoms.

The Pineal cyst of the brain rarely cause hormonal status. Also it does not lead to compression of surrounding neural structures. The tumor is not converted.

Retrocerebellar cyst of the brain are referred to benign tumours. It is also a bubble with the liquid. It can occur on any part of the brain where they develop necrosis of the gray matter.

You Can meet

1. Retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst. The tumors occur between the meninges. They are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
2. Retrocerebellar liquorous the cyst. Develops due to head injuries, hemorrhages, inflammatory processes in the brain after surgical operations.

Causes the following symptoms:

• Visual acuity and hearing is reduced;
• There is a severe headache;
• Seizures;
• Can be a sudden loss of consciousness;
• Numbness;
• Pulsation in the head.