The basal nuclei of the brain.

The cerebral cortex is located anatomically separate group of paired structures-the basal nuclei (ganglia). Together with other nuclei of the middle and intermediate brain they affect locomotor activity, which has a different function than the cerebellum. The difference is that the basal nuclei of the hemispheres of the brain do not contain direct input from the cerebral cortex. Ganglia affect the motor part of the cerebral cortex, involved in cognitive and emotional functions.

Basal nucleus significantly affect the cerebral cortex. Their dysfunction leads to disruption of movements. The disorder is due to a significant role in the lateral system of motor abilities. If the basal nuclei of the cerebral hemispheres are exposed to disease, the symptoms are the following: disturbed tonus and posture muscles. The basal nuclei soften the movement that occurs when “launch” their cerebral cortex, and inhibit unwanted movements. Organized projection received in parallel. Start from the frontal sites, the somatic sensory, motor areas, and the area of the crown, the temples, the nape of the neck.

Basal nucleus of the brain is composed of a striped body, which includes the amygdala, the fence, lenticular and caudate nucleus.

- Mindalore body is located in the temporal region. In this zone, the cortex somewhat thickened;

- the Fence is outward from the nucleus (lenticular). It has the form of a plate with a thickness of two millimeters. The front part is thickened. On the lateral edge characterized by the protrusion of the gray matter. The medial edge of the fence smooth;

- Lenticular nucleus located laterally from the caudate. Small clusters of white matter divided the core into three pieces.

- the Caudate nucleus is involved in the formation of the upper wall horn of the lateral ventricle.

The Basal nuclei do not have a straight path to the spinal cord. From the striatum to the mesh region a black substance and a medial pale globe are inhibitory (GABAergic) fibers. Their functional orientation is based on the strengthening of the excitation of the nuclei of the thalamus to the motor areas of the cortex responsible for the necessary movement.

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The organization of the indirect path is quite complicated. The process is to suppress the excitation of the thalamus to other areas of the motor cortex. The first section of the path contains GABAergic brake projections of striatum to the lateral pale ball. The last brake sends fibers to the nucleus of the thalamus. The outputs of the kernel is filled with stimulating fibers. Part of them goes to the pale lateral the ball. The remaining fibers move to the net area of the substantia nigra and medial pale sphere. From this it follows that if the activating effect of the direct path from the striatum increases excitatory activity in the motor cortex, the activity of the indirect path is weakened.

The dysfunction of subcortical nuclei leads to the breakdown of motor abilities. They become either excessive or nonexistent. As an example, should lead to Parkinson's disease. People exposed to such disease, get a face mask. Walking is done in small steps. It's hard to start and finish the movement. There is trembling (tremor) of the extremities, increases muscle tone. There is a Parkinson's disease due to the conduction of nerve impulses from the substance to the striped body. Lose striped body leads to excessive movements: twitching of the neck and facial muscles, torso, arms, legs. Also, you may notice increased activity in the form of aimless movement of the body.

In conclusion is a direct dependence of the life skills of a person from the normal functioning of the brain. The slightest deviation in the brain leads to various diseases, disabilities, and sometimes to complete paralysis. Therefore, you should avoid injury, do not expose themselves to unnecessary dangers, to unnecessary risk.