From the very first minutes of life every living creature has intrinsic reflexes. This is important, since they help to adapt and survive in the outside world that is fraught with many dangers. Over time, the unconditioned reflexes are developing, and in addition they appear to acquired reflexes, which are produced after obtaining of any life experience. They are called conditional.
What is a reflex
This term refers to is nothing like the relationship of a temporary nature, which appeared in the result of combining unconditional and conditional stimulus. This reflex relies on temporary links, which appear between certain neural structures in the empirical experience of living beings. Is a conditioned reflex of the higher divisions of the brain. Those reflexes which belong to the unconditional, all members of the same species do not differ from each other, and conditional reflexes are incredibly diverse. Every living species they own.
A Variety of conditional reflexes can be explained by the fact that every living being is evolving in its own way: external stimuli are all different, each individual psyche is arranged in a way, life situations are different and so on.
The Conditional reflexes of man, as any other living creature, are based on unconditional reflexes. As the conditional stimuli can be any external factors. They can be separate but also to provide a chain of conditions. As a simple example of a conditioned reflex can cause this situation: the bell rings-the student begins to collect spread out on the Desk notebook. He does it unconsciously and automatically, as the call for it is a signal that it's time to leave. If planted at the Desk of the preschool child or a person who has long been never studied, to conduct a lecture, and then submit the call – it will not move. This suggests that this reflex is only found among those whose main activity is studying.
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Conditioned reflexes can be divided into two groups: instrumental and classical. The classical reflex response occurs without any additional reinforcements, and instrumental the living entity gets a “reward” after, followed by the reaction to a stimulus.
Pavlov and his dogs
It was the Russian academician I. P. Pavlov was opened conditioned reflexes. He also has made a considerable contribution to their learning. His writings helped to understand and explore the most complex organ of living beings. Of course, we are talking about the brain.
The Academician mainly conducted experiments on dogs. The animal was placed in a cell, which was completely isolated from external stimuli, but it was arranged in such a way that the experimenter could watch the animals without being noticed. Often the dog is fixed with a special device that kept her moving. It is also worth noting that before the experiments the animals was done of the operation, through which it was possible to see how much saliva they secreted.
During the experiment the dog was offered a special feeder with food. Included the stimulus (light, whistle, clicking etc.), and the dog was given food. Over time, dogs develop a conditioned reflex, which was that a certain signal was perceived by her as a call for the eating. It was possible to prove by means of the devices, which have been saliva collection.
Academician Pavlov made a great contribution to the development of world science. His works are still appreciated and studied in Russia and abroad.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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