Local and global computer networks

After humanity was created by a computer very soon come to understand that independent devices are unable to fully realize their potential. In addition, people have realized the need to create a new approach to the processing, transmission and storage information, as well as environment, are able to combine all the information resources owned by humankind. This understanding was the first step towards the creation of systems used today, almost every inhabitant of the planet. We are talking about information systems, which combines millions of computers located around the world – local and global computer networks.

At present, local and global computer networks perform many functions, but chief among them – combining all the information accumulated by mankind and access to it at any time and from any point of the globe. In addition, the Union suffered and continue to suffer local and global computer networks has made possible the creation of a system allowing the processing of huge information arrays with incredible speed and to provide access to almost any amount of data.

Computer networks principles technologies protocols under which they work continue to grow and develop. Local and global computer networks has long since turned into a science, the study and development of which involved the best minds from around the world.

All local and global computer networks work in the same standard, specially designed for computer networks - OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)

The Structure of computer networks suggests that when building and using the network will be used by the following main components:

1. Transmission medium. Can be represented by coaxial cable, telephone cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cable, radio and other varieties.
2. Workstations. Can be represented by a PC, workstation, or the actual network station. In that case, when a workstation connected to the network may not be required neither hard drives nor any other information storage device. While we should not forget about the need for a network adapter-a special device that allows you to load the operating system from the network remotely.
3. Interface card. Represent network, allowing to organize the process of interaction of the network and workstations.
4. Servers.  the Server is a separate computer equipped with software that allows you to perform management functions for the network resources that is shared.
5. Network.

It is Very important to network protocols, based on which the functioning of local and global computer networks. Protocols include: addressing and routing information, checking for errors, organization of the resubmission request. In addition to the Protocol is responsible for establishing the rules under which the companies will collaborate in each specific network environment.

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The Greatest distribution has received the following network protocols:

IP, decrypted as Internet Protocol. The Protocol stack TCP/IP provides the address information, and routing information. On the basis of this Protocol was built the largest global network on the planet – Internet.

IPX  NWLink. The Protocol developed by Novel NetWare and used for the purposes of routing, as well as  the distribution of directions which move the packages.

NetBEUI. This Protocol was developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft and is designed to provide transport services for NetBIOS.

DDP. This data transfer Protocol created by Apple and found application in the Apple Talk.