The article tells about one of the nature reserves of the Far East. Bolshekhekhtsirsky nature reserve, despite its rather modest dimensions, is famous for its great biodiversity.
The First settlement on the territory of the modern reserve appeared during the laying of the city of Khabarovsk (around 1858). It settled near the river Teal. In the early twentieth century there was intensive development of the wealth of Great Chenzira. At the same time there were foresty work and became operational molokany and lime plants. Intensive development of natural resources has led to the fact that irreversibly change the landscape of the lands of the Far East. Therefore there is a necessity to take measures for the conservation of certain natural systems.
For this reason, in 1946 Khekhtsir was declared a nature reserve of local importance. Before him stood the task of preserving endangered and rare animals.
And in 1963 was created bolshekhekhtsirsky state nature reserve in the territory of more than 46 000 hectares. For many years it was subordinated to different departments and only in 1976 it acquired the status of an independent institution.
The Goal of creating bolshekhekhtsirskii reserve – conserving diverse wildlife and surrounding natural resources. It is within range of the Bolshoi Khekhtsir, it is not far from Khabarovsk. So to reach the reserve is not difficult.
Initially it was planned to create a national Park. However, later it turned out that the region is of great value, and therefore a protected area received the status of nature reserve.
Bolshekhekhtsirsky state natural reserve is located on the territory of the Khabarovsk region and more precisely in the South of Khabarovsk Krai, 20 km from the city.
The Territory of the protected area covers not only the Big Khekhtsir ridge, but surrounding mountain trails. The South-Eastern part is swampy lowland. The reserve also include lands in the floodplain of the Ussuri river.
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In its territory there are foothills and plains and steep terrain. The highest point – the mountain Bolshoi Khekhtsir. From North to South, the reserve extends for 25 miles and 34 – from West to East. In the South the territory extends along the river Teal, and in the West coincides with the boundary of China on the Ussuri river. But in the North-East and East the reserve is bordered by the suburbs of Khabarovsk.
The reserve is characterized by great species diversity, which is famous land of the Far East. In a relatively small area the researchers discovered: 1017 species of higher plants, lichens, 148, 218 mosses, fungi 825, 222 species of birds, 8 of reptiles and 50 mammals. Interesting is the fact that protected areas occur South and North of the biological complexes of which causes such diversity.
Bolshekhekhtsirsky nature reserve impresses with its flora. Here you can see the various herbs and trees in a bizarre combination of Northern and southern forms. Flora has 755 species of vascular plants. During the thorough research experts have discovered many such types, which are generally uncharacteristic for this region. Among them: rose Ussuri, violet mühldorf, raspberry Komarova, Kalina, Buryat, and many others. In addition, there are many varieties of the Rosaceae family. They all vary in shape, color and taste. Incredible value for breeders to introduce wild fruit trees because they have such valuable qualities as simplicity, frost resistance, resistance to pests and diseases.
In the waters of the reserve is home to rare plant – brasenia of schrebera, which is listed in the Red book.
Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve 91% is covered by forests. Dominated by cedar, spruce, larch, birch, aspen, ash and oak. Fifty years of ruthless logging and fires led to the fact that coniferous forests have been halved, and deciduous, respectively, and increased. Especially many oak trees, aspen trees, beloberezka. On the Big Chenzira there are two zones: spruce-fir and cedar-broad-leaved.
On the plains of the reserve is dominated by deciduous forests. Because of deforestation in their area for 50 years, has decreased by 30 %. In their place were thickets, alder, birch and aspen. The oak and cedar forests. In addition, common maple, Amur Linden, and Dahurian birch. On the lowland areas dominated by willow and alder thickets.
The wealth of the local land consist not only of the vegetation. Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve is equally diverse fauna. Thanks to the confluence of two large rivers of the Far East, its territory is at the crossroadsmigrations.
A Significant loss in the animal world of the region was the complete disappearance of tigers that lived in these areas. But the population of Sables, destroyed earlier, now managed to recover.
From small rodents inhabits the Eastern vole, field mouse, grey rat. At the forest-grassland areas found in Amur hedgehog. Hoofed possible to see ROE deer, red deer, wild boar. In addition, the bolshekhekhtsirsky nature reserve (Khabarovsk territory) is inhabited by predators: foxes, raccoon dogs, badgers. And in the foothills of Chenzira you can even find wolves. On the river Teal and its tributaries inhabited by otters. In the East of the reserve regularly see signs of the Amur forest cat. Also noted in the forests of brown and Asiatic black bear. Laconic coat of arms bolshekhekhtsirskii reserve contains a picture of a bear on a background of mountains. This emblem has long been a symbol of the organization.
The common inhabitants of forests are the flying squirrels, chipmunks. No less diverse and world of birds. Among the rare birds should be allocated to the white-tailed eagle. But the number of rare Mandarin ducks kept at a stable level. Attraction can be considered the Paradise Flycatcher. In protected areas inhabited by geliogaliu Buntings, warblers, korotkevitch, forest thrushes, the warblers-whistlers.
Foothill and floodplain areas inhabited by a large number of reptiles. Here is found the Amur snake, the Eastern Copperhead, soft-shelled turtle. The most numerous amphibians, the common toad, far Eastern frog, tree frog.
What operates bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve? What is protected on its territory? All the objects located in the area of the reserve, are under the supervision of a staff facing a number of challenges, among them in the first place is the protection and enhancement of the existing Fund. But do not forget that the scientific Department of the reserve is responsible for monitoring the status of flora, fauna, forest plantations. The obtained data are compared with indicators of previous years for adequate assessment of the work done. They are recorded in the Annals of nature. For their reference staff is constantly engaged in field observations. Currently workers was 2850 insect species. In addition, opened a rare representative of the insect world – coridal. The chronicle of nature was started by workers in 1964, it consists of sections: the relief and soil, climate and weather, calendar of nature, water, land, fauna and fauna, vegetation and flora. In all of these areas work is underway by staff of the reserve and at the present time.
It is Worth noting that the bolshekhekhtsirsky nature reserve (feedback given in the article) is not only scientific and environmental work, but also a fascinating tour by the ecological trail of the protected forest. Within hours the tourists are 0.6 km and will learn from the guide interesting facts about the plants and animals of the region. Guests have the opportunity to see the rare plants. But to meet with the animals is unlikely to succeed, because they are more hidden way of life and generally avoid meeting people.
During the tour tourists will also visit the shore of the Amur branch, they have a unique opportunity to see the spur Chenzira and the border separating the two powers-China and Russia. If you wish to visit the reserve, you should know that there is a visitor centre under the name “Khekhtsir”. It offers accommodation in a guest house.
According to tourists, you should definitely visit the Park and see its unique sights. And the emergence of the tourist centre on site gives a great opportunity to spend a weekend surrounded by nature in a beautiful forest.
The reserve is something to see. In the spring and summer time here you can see many birds and hear their singing. Many representatives of the birds here are endemic.
The Reserve is located not far from Khabarovsk. To the administration of the city can be reached by bus No. 7. And the territory should go to bus number 109 to the village of Sochi, and then to walk. You can also take bus No. 107 and get to the village of Kazakevichevo.
On the territory of the reserve is prohibited strangers. But this does not mean that it is quite impossible to visit. Everyone can go the environmental route and learn a lot about the local animals and plants.
On the territory of the reserve there is a Museum of nature. The staff guides acquaint visitors with the most unusual and interesting representatives of the Ussuri taiga. In the Museum you can see the stunning exhibits – minerals Chenzira, traces of animals and insect collection, original crafts made from natural materials. Groups of tourists have the opportunity to apply for a visitreserve because of the free access to the territory.
To accomplish the environmental management area is closed to visit people. All natural objects are under the supervision of researchers. But at the same time, the property is a recreational activity that helps to ensure the visit of protected areas organized groups by prior arrangement. Strict modal control involves not only protection of areas and fauna, but also with the proximity of the border with China.
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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/nav-ny-gramadstva/2682-bol-shehehcirskiy-zapavedn-k-fota-ap-sanne.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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