The Desert — in dry areas with high temperature performance, and low humidity. Researchers believe such a place on earth territories of geographical paradoxes. Geographers and biologists say that they themselves desert — this is the main environmental problem of the Earth, or rather desertification. The so-called process of loss of natural complex of permanent vegetation, the impossibility of natural regeneration without human intervention. Find out what area the map is desert. Environmental problems of this natural area, set in direct connection with human activities.
Most dry areas of the globe lies in the tropical zone, they receive from 0 to 250 mm of rain per year. Evaporation is usually ten times the amount of precipitation. Often the drop does not reach the earth's surface, evaporate in the air. In the rocky Gobi desert and Central Asia in winter the temperature drops below 0 °C. Significant amplitude — a characteristic feature of desert climate. During the day it can be 25–30 °C, in the Sahara can reach 40–45 °C. Other geographical paradoxes deserts of the Earth:
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Extensive areas devoid of vegetation, related to undrained areas of the planet. It is dominated by trees, shrubs and grass with no leaves or no vegetation, which reflects the term "wilderness." Photos posted in the article, give an idea of the harsh conditions of the dry areas. The map shows that the desert located in the Northern and southern hemispheres in a hot climate. Only in Central Asia this natural area is located in the temperate zone, reaches to 50° N. lat. The largest deserts of the world:
Areas Such as semi-desert and desert on the world map, are generally 17 to 25% of the total land area of the globe, and in Africa and Australia — 40% of the area.
The Unusual location characteristic of the Atacama and Namib. These barren arid landscape located on the shore of the ocean! The Atacama desert located in the West of South America and surrounded by the rocky peaks of the Andes mountain range, reaching a height of more than 6500 m In the West, the territory washed by the Pacific ocean with its cold Peruvian current.
The Atacama desert-the most lifeless desert, here are the record low rainfall — 0 mm. a Little rain once in several years, but common in winter looming fog from the ocean. In this arid region is home to about 1 million people. The population is engaged in animal husbandry, surrounded by pastures and meadows, all high mountain desert. The photo in the article gives an idea about the harsh landscapes of the Atacama.
Environmental problems of deserts and semi-deserts in the North and in the tropics similar in many ways: for example, there is a lack of rainfall that is the limiting factor for plant life. But for the icy expanses of the Arctic is characterized by an extremely low temperature.
About 150 years ago, scientists have noted an increase in the area of the Sahara. Archaeological excavations and palaeontological studies have shown that it is not always in this area was just desert. Environmental problems, then, was the so-called “drying” of the Sahara. So, in the XI century agriculture in North Africa could go up to 21° latitude. For seven centuries the Northern border of agriculture moved South to the 17th parallel, to the XXI century has shifted even further. Why is desertification? Some researchers have explained this process in Africa, “drying” of climate, and other given data about the movement of the Sands, sleepy oases.The sensation was the work of Stebbing “Wilderness man-made”, published in 1938. The author gave details on the progress of the Sahara to the South and explained the phenomenon of improper agriculture, in particular cattle trampling grass vegetation, unsustainable agricultural farming systems.
Studies of sand movement in the Sahara, scientists have found that during the First world war, the area of agricultural land and the number of cattle has decreased. Trees and shrubs then re-emerged, that is, the retreating wilderness. Environmental problems are currently compounded by the almost complete absence of such cases, when areas withdrawn from agricultural use for natural regeneration. Conducted reclamation measures and reclamation on a small area.
To desertification often leads human activity, the reason “drying” is not climatic, and anthropogenic, associated with the excessive exploitation of pastures, the excessive development of road construction, unsustainable agriculture. Desertification under the influence of natural factors can occur at the boundary of the existing dry areas, but less frequently than under the influence of human activities. The main causes of anthropogenic desertification:
Harsh conditions, limited water resources and barren desert landscapes are changing after the rains. Many succulents, such as cacti and jade, are able to absorb and store the bound water in the stems and leaves. Ceremonie other plants such as saxaul and wormwood, develop long roots reaching the aquifer. Animals are adapted to obtain the moisture they need from food. Many representatives of fauna have switched to nocturnal to avoid overheating.
The world around us, the desert in particular, is experiencing the negative impact of the activities of the population. Is the destruction of the natural environment, the man himself can not enjoy the gifts of nature. When animals and plants lose their usual habitat, it also affects the lives of the population.
Article in other languages:
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/22821-sh-l-ekologiyaly-m-seleler-m-r-pustyni.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/haber-ve-toplum/22828-l-evre-sorunlar-hayat-l.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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