Mutual responsibility

Esprit de corps – it is the legal responsibility of all members of the group (Association or community) for the obligations assumed one. Most often, the term has the property value. There is an expression in ancient times, we know his Roman form. The first mention of it found in the «Russian truth”, but some scholars believe that this institution existed in the contract of Prince Oleg with the Greeks.

In addition to financial responsibility, Esprit de corps extended to a responsibility for crimes when the offender was unknown, either for the murder not for the purpose of robbery, but revenge or argument. That is, the punishment fell on the inhabitants of that district where the crime was committed. This was done in order to eradicate crime or reduce material damage to the state Treasury.

Russia has a mutual responsibility was in Vogue until 1903, it was used mostly against peasants: the taxes and the arrears of each member of the community extended to the whole community in General.

In the literal sense this expression can be explained as the motto of “one for all and all for one”. He is treated by the authors with the most positive aspects. Really, friends don't understand complex situations, and act now, for their friendship – is paramount.

But the same concept of “Esprit de corps" underlies vendetta – the terrible relic of the past. Vendetta could destroy the whole race for the wrongdoing of one member of the tribe.

Fascist Nazis often used a similar method, engaging in the occupied land. As soon as they notice any act of the unknown partisan or disobedience, declared the shooting of every tenth or every third. That is, the punishment allocated not on the perpetrators, and belonging to this society on a territorial basis.

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Also executed family members of Communists, whether an infant or a feeble old man. Later on the same principle came under “distribution” children emerged from the environment or escaped from concentration camps of the Soviet soldiers.

On the one hand, responsibility – it is a strong weapon, implying friendship and loyalty. On the other – a strong psychological weapon for the installation of the wild rules of «man is a wolf”.

Today the expression “Esprit de corps" often has in our language a negative connotation. Way to hide behind “the society” are often in order to justify their misdeeds. For example, after a fight of young people found dead. During the court proceedings almost every explains his participation in the crime by the phrase: “All gone – and I went. All fought-and I fought!”

Somehow narrow-minded “warriors” it seems that if the murder was committed by the crowd, then the responsibility will be divided at all. But it turns out it is not so: the crime committed by a group of persons, apply more stringent sanctions.

Esprit de corps had its heyday in the Soviet era in the bureaucracy. However, this institution had a one-sided lighting. Often he explained the situation “one for all”, only “all for one” or even “one for one”.

The Supplicant turned for help to a specific person, however, he was not denied specifically addressed, but the final answer was not given. Phrase: “I'm incompetent, you need to contact another person», – was crown. And where is the competent person – no one knew.

The Ideal would be the second option, when the individual official would take responsibility for all deficiencies, and put all efforts to resolve any standing issue.

Today, mutual responsibility also affects many organizations. In particular, medical institutions have been harboring guilty when providing unskilled aid to a patient. It is difficult to find the perpetrator in the financial pyramids, during a bankruptcy of the Bank where you invested the great mass of the people. Communist contributions was safely gone abroad, and the perpetrators were never found. Unfinished apartment for which you pay contributions and are non-residential. People who already have order to the universe, still searching for those who had to bring the construction up to the end.