Familiar to everyone amber is also known as the “solar stone”. No need to explain, why call it that – anyone will understand this analogy, remembering its rich Golden-orange color. Amber has many wonderful properties and qualities, for which it is appreciated all over the world, and some of them should be spelled out. But before that-a few interesting facts about the origin.
From the earliest times people tried to explain the origin of the sun stone. Were put forward different versions. The Arabs, for example, believed that amber – it fell from the sky dew, hardened subsequently. And the philosopher Democritus were assured that the stone is a fossilized lynx urine.
But, of course, false. Actually it all started about 50 million years ago. Where is now Sweden. Then there reigned humid climate, characterized by excessive moisture. The flora is mainly constituted of coniferous trees. Which, due to climatic conditions, intensively allocated resin. Exactly the same manifestations trees “react” for a hurricane, thunderstorms and similar phenomena.
Sometimes the resin sat insects. To break away from it impossible, so they remained in it forever.
Then, after a while, the hardened resin deposited in the water basin. It turned out that there are very favorable conditions for accumulation and further formation of amber, namely, their hydrodynamic and geochemical characteristics.
Speaking in plain language, the amber resin transformed under the influence of oxygenated water, rich in potassium. Their combination led to the emergence of succinic acid, which was formed of solid stone of amazing color.
Well, why amber called the sun stone, and how it managed to get – clear. Now a few words about where it is mined.
Deposits on our planet a lot. Take, for example, the United States. There's amber is mined in Kansas, in the district of Ellsworth, river smoky hill, under the reservoir Kanapolis, Arkansas, California, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, new Jersey and several other States. Even in Alaska in the lignite found the sun stone formed from ancient swamp cypresses.
Recommended
Competition – a concept inherent in a market economy. Every participant in the financial and commercial relations, seeks to take the best place in the environment where it must operate. For this reason, there is stiff competition. The struggle ...
The mayor: powers and duties. Elections of the mayor
Normal functioning of all systems of the settlement, competent and timely execution of tasks in the sphere of economic, social and other areas of development is impossible without control of the mayor. But how voters can evaluate the quality of work ...
Francisco Franco: biography and political activities
When the civil war began in Spain, General Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino of Hermenegildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - full name) celebrated its arakatzailea, but he seemed already tired of life and much older than his years. To unpresentable appe...
Amber is mined on the West coast of Jutland (Denmark), the Baltic Islands (collected on beaches, often after storms), Northern Germany (Elbe and border the Baltic sea), in the North-Western side of the Gulf of Gdansk (Poland), Selandia (Kaliningrad), Lithuania and Latvia, Estonia, and even in England (along the coast of the counties of Suffolk, Essex and Kent). And it – only part of the fields. In fact, they are tens. Needless to say, if even in Greenland managed to find amber.
Amber, as well as any other organic compounds that have the formula. It looks like this is C10H16O. From the chemical point of view, the solar stone is a compound of organic acids with a high content of molecules. Its composition is: About – 8.5%, N – 10.5% - 79%.
In the amber of many impurities. Most of them in the rocks of the Baltic origin. In its composition, besides the above, includes aluminum and silicon (0.7%), iron (0.55%), sodium (0.16%), calcium (0.1%), magnesium and manganese (0.025%), copper (0.001%).
The Structure is amorphous, it does not depend on the field of the sun stone. But the degree of transparency – Yes. Amber can be different – muddy, transparent, translucent, glass, frosted, greasy, or resinous luster.
For the treatment of cuts and it is very light. And after polishing, by the way, you can change the color.
Studying the description of sun stones, I would like to mention that their physical properties do not match any other organic minerals. Here are some of the features include:
The temperatures this yellow mineral is particularly sensitive. He softened to +150 °C. Melt at temperatures up to +350°C. this process is Accompanied, incidentally, by fire and isolation of volatile odors. But if the temperature reaches +1000 °C, then amber disappears, decaying to pairs.
Why amber called the sun stone – it is understandable. But for some reason it is considered healing? It is said that this stone, due to long-term formation, got an incredibly powerful energy. And anyone who takes it in hand, feel the wonderful heat, which is manifested in the lungs, the tingling at your finger tips. That is why, by the way, amber and makethe rosary.
Scientists substantiate the therapeutic properties of this stone is its composition. It is believed that it helps to cure jaundice, diseases of eyes, ears and throat, to lose a tooth pain, as well as to improve the condition of the internal organs.
Succinic acid contained in the stone, has a soothing and antispasmodic action. Therefore, a “charge” them water, and then drink it. Say it even helps with headaches, cardiac and renal nedostatochnosti, arthritis, abnormalities of the skin, diseases of the blood, disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, people with such problems are recommended to wear jewelry or talismans from amber, to do massage with the use of this organic compound and meditate with him.
Countless legends exist about the sun stone and its “folks”. Amber is shrouded in so many legends, just to name a few. For a long time it was believed that if he got caught in the hands of a wicked man, the stone will turn dark. And once in possession of a good personality just shines brighter.
Say, for its magical properties of amber are similar to amethyst. He comforts people in pain, protects from dark powers and witchcraft, helps in the long term to maintain youth and health. Amber amulets were worn even on newborns – to divert the evil eye.
They say that this stone enhances intuitive abilities, brings success, gives courage and confidence. Not surprisingly, in the religions of different peoples of the world amber is used in the rituals. In Italy, for example, they were sent for good luck in the hunt and a good harvest.
This delicate and beautiful mineral that is calcium fluoride, also worth noting the attention, since we are talking about sun stones. The above picture shows exactly fluorite. And it can be not only so vivid lemon. There are pink fluorites, green, blue, red, lilac, purple and black. The rare-colorless.
Unique color is due to a defective crystal structure, sensitive to radiation exposure and heating.
The Peculiarity of fluoride is also their composition. Often it is possible to detect rare earth elements, sometimes even thorium and uranium.
These stones, like amber had healing properties. So they often use traditional healers. From fluorites do massage balls, and involves them in the procedures, to improve cardiovascular processes, and cure of brain damage, prevention of epileptic seizures, and relief of stress tension.
Another Sunny mineral belonging to the subclass island silicates. From the chemical point of view zircon – salt of silicic acid magmatic origin.
Interestingly, in Asia it is called the brother of diamond. Not surprising, because the properties of these stones are really similar. Zircon is especially beautiful when it is cut (pictured above). He, by the way, and fluorite may be of different colors.
Precious zircon is rare. It is mined in the Urals, Yakutia, Norway, Tanzania, Australia, USA, Brazil, Canada, Korea, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Madagascar. Fields of conventional zircon more, but for jewelry purposes it is not used.
The Mineralogists assure – this stone has unique healing properties, obtained thanks to the dipyramidal form. Jewelry zircon suggest to be people with coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, weak immune system, excessive weight, liver problems, and appetite and suffering from insomnia.
Very rare stone. Is a boron-containing aluminum silicate with a high content of potassium and magnesium. It rarely – only tourmaline Canary Wharf, which is produced in Malawi.
The Stone can be different shades-from light Golden, to dark brown, but in any case it will not have inclusions or air bubbles. But the tints are available. The intensity of the color is heterogeneous, so the stone changes color in artificial light and in the sun.
The Greek language the name of this mineral that is a variety of beryl, is translated as “the gift of the Sun”. Amazing Golden hue due to the presence of impurity Fe3+ ions. Sometimes in the composition of several stones find the uranium.
This stone is perfectly cut, so in jewelry it is used often. But it is pretty rare. It is mined in Argentina, Russia, Brazil, Madagascar, Ukraine, Namibia. The photo above shows exactly what it is.
Honey color is fascinating, but the stone may lose it. This will happen if you bake it. First, Heliodor will become colorless, and then acquire a blue hue.
In conclusion, I would like to say that in the world there are still many other gemstones Golden hue. Sometimes nature manages to find yellow diamonds, Golden sapphires and topazes, citrines. They are rare, but and attractive.
Article in other languages:
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/3466-shua-ty-tastar-sipattamasy-asietter-ken.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/haber-ve-toplum/3471-g-ne-ta-tan-m-zellikleri-mevduat.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
Related News
Transport infrastructure of Russia and prospects of its development
Transport infrastructure – is a complex construct which includes all transport modes: sea, rail, road, pipeline and river. It provides for the exchange of goods and services, and even helps people to see new places (and to m...
Review of the article: how to prepare?
Prior to publishing in various scientific journals the article is reviewing. This is an important step in the selection process and approval of the article for printing. Often together with the review can request a statement...
Jujube - what is it? Jujube: benefits and harms
Jujube is the closest relative of buckthorn. This plant is also called “jujube”, “jujube”, “jujube”, “Chinese date”. Sometimes it is confused with dates. But it is the fruit of a shr...
The North Caucasian Federal district: the structure, features and interesting facts
North-Caucasian Federal district (NCFD) allocated from the SFD in 2010 as an independent administrative unit. The territory of the region occupies the Eastern and Central part of the Northern Caucasus and South European part of th...
Pall Mall (cigarette): the history of the brand
Cigarettes “cartons”, a photo of which is in this article very popular among smokers. Immediately after the release of this brand of cigarettes has become widespread throughout the world.brand StoryCigarette “car...
Gondoliers - who are they? Venetian gondoliers
the gondola and gondolier – these two words are firmly rooted in Venice. This form of transport is regarded as a legendary symbol of the city. Venice itself originated from rural villages that were scattered along the lagoon...
Comments (0)
This article has no comment, be the first!