Kamchatka: nature, flora and fauna, interesting facts

Awesome and diverse nature of Russia. Kamchatka-a unique mountain region. It is distinguished by the originality of the landscape, the harsh climate, the richness of flora and fauna.

Geography

Kamchatka, the nature of which constantly presents surprises researchers, is a Peninsula in the North-East of Eurasia. It is washed by the Okhotsk and Bering seas and the Pacific ocean. Has an elongated shape, extends from North to South for 1,200 km, maximum width not more than 440 km. the Area of Kamchatka is about 270 thousand sq. km.

With the mainland by a Peninsula connected by a narrow isthmus whose cross section is only about 90 km away.

West coast flat and low-lying, marshy. The Eastern shore is a steep rocky line of rugged bays and coves.

The Peninsula is crossed by many rivers. Almost all of them originate in the glaciers or mountains. The water is very clean and suitable for drinking without purification and boiling. The largest river-Kamchatka. Also there are many lakes.

Area of modern volcanism

What is interesting in Kamchatka? Nature has generously endowed her with volcanoes. Here more than 2,5 thousand volcanic cones - about 300 dead and more than 30 active volcanoes. They are the main attraction of the Peninsula. Poets call their stone torches, they are depicted on the emblem and flag of the region.

One of the most interesting volcanoes of Kamchatka – Ichinsky, which 3621 metres. It amazes with its size and shape. Very unusual and beautiful sight-periodic emission of blue obsidian.

In Kamchatka is the highest volcano of Eurasia-Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the top of which reaches 4750 meters. In addition to its “growth” it is absolutely correct classical form. Around it there are 12 smaller volcanoes. The whole group declared a natural Park.

In the South of the Peninsula there is another group of volcanoes, called “Home”. It is composed of Kozelsky (2190 m), Avacha (2751 m) and Koryaksky (3456 m) volcanoes.

Avacha, Gorely and Karymsky-one of the most active volcanoes. The latest eruption of Avacha recorded in 1991, Karymsky 1996 demonstrates continuous activity.

From a scientific point of view, Kamchatka – a natural laboratory for the creation of volcanoes. The whole scientific world is watching the unique processes of their birth, occurring before our eyes, as in prehistoric times.

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The Peninsula – seismically active zone. Periodically shaken by earthquakes, the power of the individual up to 9-10 points.

Climate

On the Kamchatka Peninsula is dominated by wet and cool climate. In the lowlands colder and winder than in the highlands. Snow, frequent blizzards winter comes in November and lasts virtually until the end of April. In may there is a short swift spring, and behind it is the same short summer, often rainy, sometimes hot, but always spectacular riot of colors of flowering plants. Autumn is often partly cloudy and warm.

Flora and fauna

The wild nature of Kamchatka are practically untouched by man. Only Kamchatka has about 1200 species of plants-trees, shrubs and herbs. Some of which are endemic, i.e. found nowhere else on the planet.

On the coast is dominated by Alpine vegetation type; above 1400 meters above sea level – the mountain tundra, even higher – the wasteland with sparse vegetation. For the Peninsula characterized by tall weeds. Grass grow to 3-4 meters! In spring and summer they bloom wildly, making Kamchatka spaces, as in a kaleidoscope, pour a wave of color – dominance of green gives way to purple, which is gradually diluted by white, and then is replaced with dark-purple, which in turn is replaced by a saturated orange, and then – bright yellow and red. Each color lasts about a week. The pride of the Peninsula are the lady's slipper Orchid, globe flower Reader, Wintergreen meat-red, rose Toporkova and other plants.

The Animal world of Kamchatka is also varied: 500 fish species, 300 species of birds, 90 species of mammals – the sable, ermine, squirrel, hare, otter, lynx, reindeer, Arctic wolf, Fox and others. Of predators the most dangerous is the Kamchatka brown bear. The most numerous representatives of the land-fauna-insects, which represent 80% of all combined species of animals of the Peninsula.

Province

The Unique land-Kamchatka. The nature of it is dramatic, colorful and gorgeous. The harsh climate, small population and neowincast most of the site to serve this area – one of the cleanest places on the planet. There is no railway, the main transportation – air (planes and helicopters), Maritime and automotive.

The Administrative center and largest city-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with a population of 200 thousand people. Othersignificant settlements – Yelizovo, Paratunka, Milkovo, Esso, Anavgai river, Ust-Kamchatsk, Kozyrevsk and others.

Mainly on fishing, metallurgical industries and agriculture. Very rapidly in recent decades with the development of tourism. Kamchatka, the nature of which is unusual, colorful and harsh, attracts thousands of adventurers who not only ski or ride a dog sled, but also conquer the mountain tops, down into the craters of volcanoes, visit the Valley of geysers. The peculiarity of Kamchatka routes is their inaccessibility and unpredictability, so be sure to use the services of an experienced guide.