Failure in Solikamsk: danger underfoot

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2019-04-29 06:00:28

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November 19, 2014, the whole country learned about that in Solikamsk there was a terrible sinkhole. On the territory of the slowly dying garden cooperative "Key" formed a pit with steep walls, reaching sizes of 30 to 40 m. Here because of the previous subsidence was already off the electricity, and many sites have been abandoned since 2005.

failure in Solikamsk

Why there was a failure in Solikamsk

What is the cause of such events that pose a danger to people? After all, it was argued that the failure has disappeared at least one country house, which has not yet left home. And just lucky that the failure was formed in late autumn, when the garden plots were empty.

The Main reason to have originated in the area repeatedly flashes and failures - of rock. The fact is that under the ground there are thick layers of rock and potassium salts, the valuable raw material for production of fertilizers. The city is known since 1430, when work began on the evaporation of salt. Since then the specialization of Solikamsk is maintained. Salt extraction and production of fertilizers is a city - forming industry, the main place of work and source of income.

At the same time, salt was one of the reasons why there was a failure in Solikamsk. Underground water dissolves it, and in the earth's interior formed cavity. Also the void created by mining. If such cavity enters the water, the dissolution process is added, and the leaching of salts. The voids quickly grow in size. Often the roof above them does not withstand its own gravity and collapses, forming on the earth's surface dips and craters. These phenomena are known as karst processes.

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History salt dips

The Perm region is one of the main centers of world production of mineral fertilizers. This title it owes to the salt deposits, concentrated mainly at the cities of Solikamsk and Berezniki. Here and there is an active extraction of potash.

The First major event associated with the dissolution of salts in groundwater and collapse of the arch formed voids occurred in 1986. Then on one srednikov of "Uralkali" happened present induced earthquake. Education failure and drop multi-ton mass of rocks was accompanied by the emergence and explosion of accumulated gases.

The result is a funnel that in a couple of weeks was filled with water. Its depth in 1988 was estimated at 105 m, and 14 years after education was 52 m. the area around the failure continued to slowly fall down, i.e. the dissolution and leaching of salts in the subsoil did not stop.

1995 and 1997 was marked by a new collapse and, as a consequence, earthquake by force to 4 points. By a lucky chance there were no victims: the trouble did not affect residential areas.

But in 1998-2001 destruction has affected localities. Near the village of Novaya Zyryanka has occurred the formation of new failure. Near the river port, there is a strong ground subsidence. And on the street Mendeleev in the Berezniki several homes were destroyed and the building of a boarding school. Had to evacuate the population from the dangerous areas.

New failures

In October 2006, the first mine accident - the flooding of the underground workings, which had to be left, even leaving valuable equipment. And in July 2007 in the industrial zone of collapsed soil that formed a funnel with dimensions of 40 by 60 m. Further there was an increase of the failure, the length of which reached almost half a kilometer.

sinkhole

In contrast to this previous failure has occurred in the vicinity of industrial and residential buildings. Only a few meters separated him from the administrative building of the mine. In the danger zone was the building of the factory of technical salt and drying. In the end, destroyed the fabric part of the railway Chusovaya - Berezniki - Solikamsk. The movement on this site was discontinued and was subsequently laid by-pass line.

The Tragedy on the failure

During the years 2010-2012, was the formation of several failures. While trying to fall asleep one of them happened a tragic event. The failure of the wall collapsed, taking with him two bulldozers and a loader. The driver of the latter did not manage to get out and died.

And now November of 2014 and a new failure. In Solikamsk residents have been asking myself the same question as in bereznyky: whether there will be another failure directly under the residential buildings? How to protect yourself?

So, in the area of immediate danger was also Berezniki and Solikamsk (photo). Failure is just the tip of the iceberg. How large voids under the ground formed by the dissolution of salts, just say no one can.

Solikamsk photo

Sinkhole on the Yamal Peninsula

In the Summer of 2014 on the Yamal Peninsula by helicopter pilots discovered the failure just the incredible depth of over 200 m. This giant pit is located near the Bovanenkovo natural gas field.

sinkhole on the Yamal Peninsula

And just in November last year, Russian scientists were able to descend to the bottom of this amazing funnel. They were able to take samples of soil, water and air. But have not found the answer to the main question: how did such a huge education in the multi-year permafrost of the Peninsula?

Let's Name the main versions of his origin. The first is the fall of the meteorite, the second explosion. Scientists suggest that due to the thawing of permafrost released reserves of shale gas, which escaped to the surface, forming a funnel. This was a possible gas explosion, which explains how would the melted walls of the funnel.

As you can see, the failures in the ground - a phenomenon not rare in nature. Causes of their formation are often different natural processes: the dissolution of rocks (karst), the melting of permafrost. But they are enhanced with active human activities, as demonstrated by the failure in Solikamsk. And here the most important - to avoid victims, to find a reasonable compromise between economic necessity and safety of people.


Article in other languages:

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/nav-ny-gramadstva/32467-praval-u-sal-kamsku-nebyaspeku-pad-nagam.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/news-und-gesellschaft/32159-das-scheitern-in-solikamsk-gefahr-unter-den-f-en.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/noticias-y-sociedad/32021-el-fracaso-en-solikamske-riesgo-bajo-sus-pies.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/32808-s-ts-zd-k-solikamske-au-p-aya-astynda.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/aktualno-ci-i-spo-ecze-stwo/33847-pora-ka-w-solikamske-niebezpiecze-stwo-pod-nogami.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/not-cias-e-sociedade/33630-o-fracasso-em-solikamsk-perigo-de-sob-os-p-s.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/haber-ve-toplum/29225-ba-ar-s-zl-k-solikamsk-tehlike-ayaklar-n-z-n-alt-nda.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/novini-ta-susp-l-stvo/33022-proval-v-sol-kams-ku-nebezpeka-p-d-nogami.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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