The Basques - who is this? The Basques: mystery people

Basques – the people who inhabit the so-called Basque land located in the North of Spain and South-West of France. The origin of it – one of the greatest mysteries not only for Europe but for the whole world.

Who are the Basques? Where did they come from? If we consider these issues from the perspective of citizenship, peplum – Spanish and French, because they live in Spain and France. But why is this people speak this unusual language that is not similar to any other language? How is it that over the millennia of wars and incest civilization, the Basques have retained their identity? Regarding this ethnic group remain a lot of questions that the researchers still can't find the answers. The article will try to understand who the Basques, and also talk about how to live today, these European rebels and the proud.

Etymology of name

To understand the meaning of the word "peplum" of the need to turn to history. This word comes from the Latin vasco - the so-called ancient vasconi, who lived in pre-Roman and Roman periods on the territory where now live the Spanish Basques. However, this is not the only people involved in their Genesis. The ancestors of the Basques were also akvitan and, perhaps, cantabri, so that now they can observe a significant dialectal fragmentation.

Origins

Genetic studies have established the uniqueness of the considered people. Peplum – people whose blood is the highest among all Europeans the proportion of negative RH factor (25 percent) and one of the highest shares of blood related to the type Of (55%). There is a very sharp genetic difference between members of this ethnic group and other Nations, especially in Spain. Therefore, one can hardly say that Basques – the Catalans.

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List of versions of the origin of the mysterious people is very wide. At one time discussed the hypothesis that the Basques-are Armenians. Then it was argued that they are ancient Georgians, who from the territory of modern Georgia back in ancient times migrated to the Iberian Peninsula.

The CRO-magnons among us?

It Should be noted that the version that the Basques are descended from Armenians or Georgians, still have a shot at thus, but most scientists agree that it is indigenous to Europe, is directly descended from CRO-magnon, another 35 thousand years ago came into the European world and remaining there.

The CRO-magnons likely did not participate in any of the subsequent migrations of peoples because archaeologists have not found any evidence to speak about change of the population in this area throughout time, until the coming of the Romans. So all those people who today call themselves Europeans, compared with the Basque country just children. Amazing, isn't it?

Asquare

True peplum – those who natively speak the language, called “esquare”. Such people there are now nearly one million, of which more than eight hundred thousand people living in Spain, more than one hundred thousand – in France and the rest – in the United States and Latin America.

The Secret origin eskuara linguists seek to solve for a long time. Some researchers hypothesize that genetically, the Basque language is associated with iberijsky language that has now disappeared; others do not support this idea, but through build eskuara on Afro-Asiatic based speculated that the ancestors of the Basques were Jews. So, in 1900, the world saw the book by J. Espanol, French Abbot, in which he proved the origin of the mysterious people from the Spartan colonists who had Jewish roots.

People – the language

At the time eskuara tried to breed also with the Arabic language, then – Japanese and not so long ago there was speculation that the Basque language is associated with languages of the nomadic tribes living in West Africa. Nevertheless, all the hypotheses do not find their confirmation. Recently, the French linguists have conducted another study proved that asquare is a standalone language and for eight thousand years, ever since the Paleolithic age, evolving independently. This one of a kind pre-Roman European language from the depths of millennia came to our time.

Lifestyle

As has been said, peplum – a mysterious people living mainly on the territory of two countries-Spain and France. In the French Basque provinces, all the houses are white and contain wooden accents of red. Traditional buildings of stone preserved only in the mountainous areas. The Basques are generally very sensitive to the traditions. And in the cities and in the villages they are from small to big - play pelota and hold competitions bulls are on the minds of famous berets. This small people of unique ethnic identity.

Character Basque

Basques - with all of its uniqueness - like other inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula penchant for boundless fun. However, they are also very short-tempered. But neither a cheerful disposition, no emotion do not prevent them to adhere to the Patriarchal lifestyle. This applies especially to the Basques who live far from industrial centers. Residents of mountain areas are very religious (most of them – Orthodox Catholics) and lead isolated life.

Kitchen

One of the best in Europe is Basque cuisine, and it's not using sophisticated recipes, and that this people to create meals applies for the most part only fresh products. For example, when ripe fruits and vegetables, the Basques eat them; when slaughtered sheep, eat meat. Marinating, brining, freezing - all these and other such workpieces have these people not taken. The Basques prefer to eat cooked or steamed foods they almost never eat fried food and do not use spices. The most famous dish-cod in white sauce, and poached pike fins. The Basques love mushrooms, truffles, rice, seafood. They make all sorts of desserts with nuts, berries, fruits, milk. This nation produces fine cheeses and wines.

Clothing

Look Very elegant national costumes Basque. Female consists of lush blue or blue skirts and black short jacket, decorated with lace and sparkling applique. The most popular materials for such outfit – it is velvet and chintz. Male costume is a narrow black or brown breeches, black stockings, a belt of the same color, a dark vest and a jacket made of leather or thick fabric with shiny buttons.

Until our time has come, the Basque samples of clothing belonging to the late medieval period (16th century). It was capes from skins of sheep, stitched with coarse thread on the sides and had cutout for the head.

Echoes history

Attempts to divide the Basques inhabited areas date back from the sixth-eighth centuries. At various times, the land on both sides of the Pyrenees, was in possession of England, Aquitaine, Spain, France. And every time the owners wanted to subjugate and completely "dissolving" the mysterious people. Ultimately Basque sovereignty gave way to local autonomy: for more than five centuries the Basques in France and Spain had a special status and privileges in taxation, trade, military service.

All of these provisions were contained in the traditional code of laws, which is known as the ‘foros”. All cities, village communities, villages, towns have their own fueros, but at the end of the nineteenth century, the Basque institutions were abolished, private fueros destroyed, and the territory was incorporated into Spanish government and became part of the administrative-legal system of Spain.

From that time arose unquenchable, passionate, persistent and selfless desire of the Basques to become a separate state.

Freedom-loving and proud

After the elimination in 1937 of autonomy of the Basque there was a movement of people for national self-determination. In the fifties of the twentieth century was created by a terrorist organization "Euskadi TA Askatasuna" (translated as “homeland and Freedom", abbreviated – THIS). For fifty years, when its attacks killed within 800 people.

Recently, following the Irish extremists, announced the cessation of terrorist activities. But for how long? After all, the budget of the Basque terror consisted of more than a dozen million euros... of Course, I would like to believe and hope for all. Even the Basques, even those who live in remote communities, are tired of have a reputation irrepressible, persistent and bloody in his claim of the people. In fact, they are not…