Standards of environmental quality and their types

To obtain an objective assessment, the appropriate level and quality of the environment, it is necessary to conduct a differentiated analysis in several areas simultaneously. Among the factors that affect the results of the estimation of the fundamental components of the ecological environment: air, water, soil, food, and more.

The Importance of regulation in environmental activities

Standards of environmental quality for specific limiting exposure to harmful substances. As a rule, the probability of occurrence of a variety of toxins and detrimental impacts on the ecology of trace elements is extremely high in the process industrial, agricultural and other production and throughout the life of the society.

The Decision of problems in the environmental sphere of the state is vital for the normal existence of its population. Actively influencing the human body harmful substances often lead to the development of pathological processes, including various complications and painful syndromes, including toxic, mutagenic, allergic, malignant, embryotrophic and gonadotropin character.

What are the quality standards of the natural environment?

The Main classification of these indicators allows to divide them on these types of standards environmental quality:

• Standards for sanitary areas;
• The complex environmental regulations;
• Performance in production economic sector;
• Time standards.

Each of these types of standards requires a more detailed consideration as it has significant importance when drafting the final pattern of results obtained.

Recommended

Competition is the rivalry between participants in the market economy. Types and functions of competition

Competition – a concept inherent in a market economy. Every participant in the financial and commercial relations, seeks to take the best place in the environment where it must operate. For this reason, there is stiff competition. The struggle ...

The mayor: powers and duties. Elections of the mayor

Normal functioning of all systems of the settlement, competent and timely execution of tasks in the sphere of economic, social and other areas of development is impossible without control of the mayor. But how voters can evaluate the quality of work ...

Francisco Franco: biography and political activities

When the civil war began in Spain, General Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino of Hermenegildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - full name) celebrated its arakatzailea, but he seemed already tired of life and much older than his years. To unpresentable appe...

Unit sanitary-and-hygienic norms

To the standards of environmental quality are, first and foremost, health and safety and hygiene criteria. For example, the latter imply a whole complex of important grades that determine the level of natural background of the negative components. This is the maximum permissible concentration of harmful toxic substances in the air, rivers, lakes and soils; indicators of permissible physical influence (noise, radiation, vibration, electromagnetic radiation), which are neither currently, nor in subsequent years will not be able to affect the health of the inhabitants and their descendants.

For example, if the active substance has a detrimental effect on the state of natural objects in lower concentrations (in comparison with the effects on the human body), the standards of environmental quality are set on the basis of the intensity of the impact of this component is on the elements of the biosphere. Higher thresholds of the indicators, ensuring the safety of people are not taken into account.

Design Principles of hygienic standards of the environment

If to speak again about the hygienic indicators, here we are talking primarily about toxicometric criteria. Appropriate dosages, concentrations of hazardous substances or the effects of physical factors fixed cause similar reactions.

It is not Surprising that to date, such standards of environmental quality are used in the post-Soviet States. In some regions, under more severe conditions of the natural environment, may establish additional rules.

Sanitary and safety standards

Sanitary and safety standard indicators of the quality of the environment have a different purpose. Their aim is the full protection of the health of the population of a particular region or geographic area. To bringing sanitary protection zones in accordance with the established standards include:

• Provision of required cleanliness of water points;
• Prevention of adverse effects of polluting sources.

Standardization and norms in the environmental field

Ecological norms of environmental quality are used to determine the human impact on the natural environment. In case they are exceeded there is a risk of obstacles to the preservation of the most suitable conditions of human activity and its natural environment. We also cannot consider these criteria unilaterally, because they can be ecological-hygienic and environmental-protective. In addition, of great importance and maximum allowable load on the natural environment.

Environmental standards – standards of environmental quality, the which in part of the hygienic characteristics it is important to imply that a vast array of bioactive organisms there are species more sensitive to pollution compared to man. And if people set standards may be much higher than those needed by other living organisms, then the rational solution is to impose a lower standards to ensure proper functioning of the other formslife.

Varieties of environmental standards

Essential environmental-protective standard indicators, the main focus of which is to conserve the gene pool of the planet, the replenishment of ecosystems, the preservation of objects of historical, cultural and natural value. A striking example of the use of such clauses is the organization of biosphere conservation areas, national natural parks, etc.

To the standards of environmental quality are also other environmental criteria. The maximum permissible load values on the natural environment aim to prevent the abnormal depletion of natural resources and damage to natural ecological relationships. It is crucial to ensure appropriate planning use and reproduction of mineral resources. Such standards of environmental quality are typically obtained through a long scientific calculations. In the process of determining the exact threshold values is particularly important substantiation of the validity of the degree of industrial impact on a particular natural area.

Production and economic situation in the valuation of environmental quality

In the following block included provisions to designate the lower thresholds of the indicators, the occurrence of which is allowed in production and economic sectors. To change the parameters of implementation activities in this field mainly by limiting the functions of the specific company, calling the danger from the point of view of experts in the field of sanitary and environmental regulation. The most common production standards are:

• Technological standards;
• Provisions, designed for the recreational zones;
• Standards taken into consideration during construction.

The first subgroup include PDV, PDS and PDT. Maximum permissible emissions and discharges of harmful substances into the atmosphere, bodies of water, as well as the volume of fuel combusted must be determined individually for each source of pollution in the environment. These standards are interconnected with the specialized orientation of the company, the number and extent of harmful effects.

To familiarize with the urban planning regulations necessary to address when designing to ensure and guarantee the safety of the environment. Only in the event can take place the planning and construction of the settlement.

The third group focused other standards. Standards of environmental quality in recreational areas allow the correct use of natural systems, leaving the conditions for development of tourism and resort business.

What is the timeframe?

The Temporary regulations are often set in cases when for any reasons it is not possible to calculate some of the above indicators. Where it is impossible to develop a technological, sanitary or hygienic regulations, have resorted to the creation of the temporary provisions. However, it is worth noting the fact that over time, given the scientific progress, constantly moderniziriruyutsya technology, equipment, and so there is the possibility of tougher regulations to reduce the impact on the environment.

How to check the status of the air environment?

To Assess the quality of individual elements of the biosphere can also use many variations of these standards. In particular, to perform the condition of the air sheath in the region can be based on several tools:

1. Maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of industrial zone. This normalization involves the measurement of the concentration of harmful substances in the air at eight-hour workday or 40-hour work week. It is considered permissible concentration of substances not capable of causing disease. Moreover, to detect occupational disease is not only in the workplace but also in the future.
2. Maximum permissible concentration of contaminants in the air of settlements. Subconscious (reflex) reactions of the human organism should never occur after a half hour inhalation of the air with a permissible concentration.
3. Allowable concentration of pollutants in the air space of the operating band as a temporary regulation not more than 2 years.
4. Maximum permissible emissions of harmful and polluting substances into the environment. This criterion is necessary for maximum enforcement of sanitary regulations in the air of settlements taking into account the adverse weather conditions. Such standards of environmental quality are up to 5 years.
5. The Maximum allowable number of fuel combusted. This ratio ensures compliance with all requirements of health services relating to the products of combustion in the atmosphere of inhabited localities.

The value of the quality standards of the water basin

Of great importance in the system of sanitary-environmental indicators is the analysis of the status and pollution of the water basin. The established standards of environmental quality, particularly water bodies, allow you to control the amount of harmful and toxic substances into the water. The maximum permissible concentration noshould not have a direct or indirect impact on human health of present and future generations.

The Hygienic conditions of water use, in turn, will preserve the quality of water bodies used for fishing commercial industries. Moreover, the permissible concentration in this water pool will always be stricter and stiffer than counterparts that have been installed for almost fishless rivers, lakes and ponds. To explain this fact seems to be that the toxic and inorganic compounds tend to accumulate in organisms aquatic environments in significant quantities.

Standards for standardization, soil, noise and radiation index

Evaluation of the soil layer also takes place according to the standards established according to the maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in the topsoil. The negative impact that may have saturated with toxins and chemical components of soil in contact with water, air, plants may indirectly affect human health. The estimated standards act for three years.

Standards and regulations environment quality include other indicators. These include noise and radiation criteria. The first group developed norms assumes that the maximum allowable noise levels according to which daily and systematic impact on human health will not negatively affect its performance.

The radioactive contamination of the biosphere should always be under the control of sanitary authorities. Effects of excessive or prolonged accumulation of radioactive substances in the human body can be extremely difficult. It is known that ionizing radiation can cause cancer. Therefore, the indicators of these standards should mean the inability of unreasonable exposure.