The Liaodong Peninsula in China: description, history and traditions. The territory of the Liaotung Peninsula

The Liaodong Peninsula belongs to the middle Kingdom, it lies on the North-Eastern lands of the state. Its territory is Liaoning province. The Peninsula was an important object in a period of military conflict between China and Japan. The people of Liaodong traditionally engaged in agriculture, fisheries, sericulture, horticulture, trade and salt production.

Geographical position

Their coasts of Liaodong Peninsula cuts into the water of the Yellow sea. It is washed by the waters of two bays-West Korean and Liaodong. In the southwest to its territory, that is, the Peninsula of Guangdong, considered as its part.

Description

The Territory of the Liaodong Peninsula, is very extensive. The longest section stretching from North-East to South-West. Its length is 225 kilometers. The width of the territory in different areas varies in the range of 80-130 km.

The South-West coast from the northeast China is composed of nature. The landscape of the Peninsula presents a hilly plain and low mountains. On its territory there is a mountain peak Bounchan. The soils are tight forests and shrubs.

Part of the southern lands occupied major city of Dalian. In the city operates three seaports: Port Arthur and Dairen Dalian-WAN. All of the city, occupied the Liaodong Peninsula, has developed rapidly since the end of XX and beginning of XXI century.

Origin of name

The Chinese call this the place-name, Sodomania. The first part of the name – “Liaodong” taken from there flowing river, Liaohe. In the middle of the name founded the term “the Dong”, translated as “East”. In the end, the place name is interpreted like this: “the land East of the Liao”.

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Topography

The Area is part of a huge mountain belt. It is composed mostly of limestone, shale and quartz Sandstone. There are areas with inclusions of gneiss and basalt covers. For the most part the terrain is low-lying. Low hills and plateaus occupied the South-Western lands of the Peninsula.

From the South-West to North-East stretch of the mountain chain mountains Qianshan, pouring into the plateau Changbai, retiring in Manchuria, the North Korean borders. Mountain habitats mountain range running parallel, formed by ancient schists and granites.

Atmospheric phenomena turned the mountain ridges into sharp-pointed peaks and quirky ranges. Mountain peaks are often fly up to 1000 meters and more. The highest peak is on mount Buyun, its height – 1130 meters.

The southern tip of the flat. The height of the mountain slopes here does not pass the mark of 500 metres. The main part of the surface is covered with hills, reaching a height of 300 metres. Rocks enriched in iron ore, gold, magnesite, and copper. In this area engaged in the production of boron and salt.

The Mountainous Liaodong Peninsula in China and covers a large river network. River, isisascii it, nourish the Yalu, the tape which winds through the Eastern lands, Liaohe, current Western territories, and the Yellow sea.

The River valley and alluvial plain is quite narrow. Area of low-lying coasts (excluding the South-Western extremity) change under the influence of tides. In the South-East and North-West the coast is low and straight, a draining during low tide. In the isthmus of Jinzhou hit the two bays. Thanks to them, the South-Western extremity detached. This part is called the Port Arthur Peninsula.

Fauna and flora

The Plains are occupied by farmland. They cultivate corn, millet, wheat, maize, rice and sorghum. The population is engaged in cultivation of tobacco, mulberry, cotton and vegetables. Lush fruit plantations lined the Liaodong Peninsula. The tradition of fruit growing here hold sacred. Most on site broken Apple orchards. On his land growing grapes, peaches, apricots and pears.

The Mountain slopes are covered with thickets of scrub oak and hazel. Mountain oaks, poderosa mountain slopes, became the abode for wild silkworms. The local population collects their cocoons and natural silk gets. River deltas covered with reeds, which are used as fuel.

Fauna of Liaodong depleted because most populous areas, destruction of forests and a large proportion of the cultivated land. The Liaodong Peninsula is inhabited by hares, squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, ferrets, weasels and other animals typical of these latitudes. In the North there are deer that migrate from the Eastern Manchurian forest.

Climate conditions

Winter on the Peninsula a softer, unlike the adjoining North-Eastern regions of China. Every year it drops to 500-700 mm of precipitation. This is more than in the valley of the Liaohe. Two-thirds of the rains in July-September. The vegetation period in this area amounts to 200 days. However, in areas of the extreme South it lasts up to 220 days.

History

Area, located East of the river Liaohe, known since ancient times. She once belonged to, Injo – one of the twelve regions into which tradition has divided the territory of China. This place in the reign of the Qin and Hanit was called the Prefecture of Liaodong. At that time the Peninsula adjoined the North-Western borders to the Prefecture of Liaoxi.

Annexation

The Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895 ended in China's favor. Japanese troops defeated the Chinese army and Navy. At the signing of peace in Shimonoseki on 17 April 1995, the Qing Empire ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and some other territories to the Japanese.

However, this turn of events did not suit Russia, Germany and France. The Russian Empire regarded the actions of the Japanese as a threat to their far Eastern possessions. With the support of the allies, and she, putting pressure on Japan, forced her to return to China picked up in the ground as a result of the concluded armistice.

The Forced annexation of the Liaodong Peninsula took place in November 1895. For the return of land to China paid Japan 30 million taels. As a result of annexation, the Japanese have lost control of Port Arthur that just does not suit them.

The transfer of the Liaodong lease USSR

March 27, 1898, was signed the Sino-Russian agreement on the lease of the Liaodong Peninsula. At the disposal of the Russian Empire moved ports ice-free waters of Port Arthur and Dalian. Together with the ports passed their surrounding land and adjacent waters. Port Arthur has strengthened, turning it into a naval garrison.

From Harbin to the southern part of the Peninsula, which became known as the Kwantung area, built South Manchuria railway. Railway line extended through Manchuria, allowed Russia to influence North China, giving the Japanese the opportunity to realize the blatant expansionist intentions of China. China and Russia have agreed to provide mutual military support if the Japanese attack on them or Korea.

The Japanese have left plans to take over the area. Realizing that the Russian Empire actually robbed them of the conquered lands, the Japanese government has stirred a new wave of militarization in the country. The ruling elite traditionally pursued an aggressive foreign policy, urging the nation to persevere through significantly increased taxes.

She promised all the funds to conduct a new war of revenge, in which intended to get the lost territories. In may 1904 there was the landing of Japanese troops on the Liaodong Peninsula. They are cut off from the mainland, settled in the port of Dalian. Russian troops had to retreat. The soldiers retreated, as was thought, reach the garrison of Port Arthur. The Japanese launched an attack and gained a powerful fortress.

The peace of Portsmouth signed in 1905. According to the Treaty, the Russian Empire gave Japan the Liaodong. Under the control of the Japanese, Manchuria had been for 40 years. Only in 1945 the Russian and Chinese troops common efforts drove the Japanese from the lands that belonged to China.

The Soviet Army to leave Manchuria in 1946, leaving part of the troops on the Liaodong Peninsula. The Soviet Union and China agree on joint use of Port Arthur. The agreement will remain in force until the transfer of the Peninsula into the possession of China, held in may 1955.