Treatment plant storm water: characteristics, peculiarities of work

Sewage Treatment plant effluents and remove the oil products and suspended substances, cleaning storm water to those requirements that apply to their discharge into water bodies of any category or directly on the terrain. Devices for cleaning a diverse range because of the requirements to the purity requirements are also different from each other. Treatment plant storm water can use the method of sorption, physico-chemical or mechanical treatment of the runoff, but she always has to neutralize and purify the water of all harmful impurities.

Nature pollution

The Result of deposition of a variety of precipitation are rain water. This also can be attributed to melt water in the spring when melting snow and ice. Storm and waste water appear from time to time, the expense and the quality is extremely uneven. Together with them are removed and they are close in terms of quality remains of the activities of drains, fountains, watering of streets. Storm water always polluted with mineral and organic substances contained in the atmosphere, on the soil and on subjects which they bathe.

During periods of rain and spring melting of snow from the territories of industrial enterprises and settlements wash off variety and always plentiful pollution. Storm water cannot be reduced or even to reduce their number. But to reduce the pollution it is the power of man. First of all should be clean storm water. And, of course, necessary to improve production standards to eliminate waste. Not going to stop the rain, snow or hail that fall to the surface of the earth, but the earth itself must comply with the order in any business.

Recommended

Competition is the rivalry between participants in the market economy. Types and functions of competition

Competition – a concept inherent in a market economy. Every participant in the financial and commercial relations, seeks to take the best place in the environment where it must operate. For this reason, there is stiff competition. The struggle ...

The mayor: powers and duties. Elections of the mayor

Normal functioning of all systems of the settlement, competent and timely execution of tasks in the sphere of economic, social and other areas of development is impossible without control of the mayor. But how voters can evaluate the quality of work ...

Francisco Franco: biography and political activities

When the civil war began in Spain, General Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino of Hermenegildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - full name) celebrated its arakatzailea, but he seemed already tired of life and much older than his years. To unpresentable appe...

Storm drain

From the territory of the enterprises of atmospheric water that is not contaminated by petroleum products or crude oil, is withdrawn through a closed or open drains. Cleaning of storm water is not always, it depends on their chemical composition. If the company is oil refining, rain, snow and hail absorb those oil products, which is bound to exist on the entire surface of this area in any numbers.

So a simple removal of atmospheric precipitation - the violation of environmental norms. Must be the pre-treatment of storm water. The entire production flow, and all drainage should go on the closed sewer first on sewage treatment plant where the water freed from petroleum products and only after this procedure it is possible to return to the reservoir.

Treatment of atmospheric waters

From diked tanks can immediately send storm water to the sewer. Industrial-storm sewers cause runoff to storage devices arranged in the form of earthen tanks divided into sections. The process depends on the origin, that is, the classification of sewage. They are domestic, industrial, atmospheric (storm). The level of pollution, as well as the prescribed health requirements will dictate the plans for further activities: either to perform a simple reset of storm water in the pond or direct them to treatment facilities where clean pollution mechanical, chemical or biological method.

The Oil is removed, for example, sulfuric acid cleaning, and therefore directly after her discharge into drains this water can not be - it is too acidic. The next step will be its neutralization. For this there are special pools with a volume that allows approximately eight hours of stay of the washing water to complete the reaction. To neutralize the sulfuric acid, water is added to lime. The resulting reaction slurry of the gypsum absorbs all traces of oil and many other contaminants. It regularly removed from the pool.

Structure

Industrial storm water contain up to fifteen percent of various process condensates. It including hydrogen sulfide, which is formed from ten to three hundred milligrams per liter. In addition to hydrogen sulfide stormwater water contain huge amounts of ammonia to 18,000 mg per litre. Such water not only contaminate surface waters and soil near wastewater can literally suffocate from the poisonous air.

All the water that was used in industry or population, necessarily contain a variety of impurities, and therefore subject to treatment. If an industrial enterprise is not environmentally harmful industries, wastewater from there will be considered relatively clean. For example, if the water company uses to cool anything. As well as rainfall, melt water from the area, it is often directly drained into the pond, because it does not threat health. But ground water, that is water as well as shower and bath-Laundry and, of course, almost all other production is always very dirty.

Sewer network operations

The production is most often installed a separate sewage system, where relatively clean and atmospheric water are on its network of channels and pipes, and contaminated industrial and domestic - on the other. These are two completely separate Sewerage networks.First, rainfall (rain) and the second household.

Almost always relatively clean water used in the production again. It is isolated from the total waste production of water and allowed through an independent network back to the production area. And in this case with the atmospheric conditionally clean waters are not combined. The exception is the situation when the relatively pure industrial water quantity too small. Then they are discharged directly into the pond via the stormwater network.

Application settings

The installation of clean storm water used for industrial wastewater, including oily. In their work, apply the technological scheme, where there are several different cleaning methods after studying the types of water pollution. It uses special equipment. The scheme of the whole event must provide at least dumping into the water of contaminants, in any case not exceeding the permissible concentration.

For Example, this is the water treatment plant LIOS. With its help, cleared storm and waste water are used in the production in a circle, which significantly reduces expenses of the company for sanitation and water supply. The performance of the station to twenty litres of treated water per second, it can serve a catchment area of up to two hectares, and if you apply with it the storage capacity, the catchment area could increase to one hundred and twenty acres.

How to clean

Drains, as has been said, subdivided into domestic, which appear due to human activity, industrial and atmospheric. To use a particular plant for treatment of storm water, you need to determine all the features of pollution of this area. They can be organic, which contain inclusions of plant and animal origin (runoff from farms, fields and the like). Here you can watch a variety of organic chemical compounds, and even polymeric.

The dirt can be mineral character, with admixtures inorganic compounds. For example, torrential melt water carry the weight of the soil. Also specifically require the purification of water contaminated with various salts. The third type - biological pollution is developing in the drains and quickly mastering any body of water microorganisms. Environment storm water is highly nutritious. I'm sure everyone has seen how quickly overgrown ponds that do not have duct. This is what is popularly called the "blooming of water". Use of such reservoirs.

Methods of cleaning: mechanical and chemical

The Mechanical method of cleaning with the aid of special installations includes sedimentation of sludge water, filtration, flotation, that is, purification from solid particles and organic residues. To do this, use special settling tanks, a huge variety of sieves and traps for sand and oil.

The Principle of chemical cleaning wastewater is that the contaminants are forced to respond to water added to the reagents. The result is a precipitate, which is settled and removed. Water is the most well cleaned in this way because it significantly reduces the amount of substances that do not dissolve.

Methods of purification of physico-chemical and biological

Physico-chemical method is used to detect and remove the fine substances of inorganic and organic origin. The event is a long, but very effective. Apply coagulation (clotting, enlargement, thickening solids), oxidation, sorbate, electrocoagulation, electrolysis. These methods can be used to remove toxic contaminants.

Biological method is also not without chemistry and biochemistry. Installation for water purification, working on this method especially popular. They include biological filters, aeration tanks, biological ponds, metadirectory. You can use any of the proposed methods, but always drains pass through three main stages: filtering solid particles and impurities, aeration and slow filtering, enrichment and regeneration.

Treatment facilities

Cleaning can happen when you use the simple gravity method. The catchment area of such plants - to twenty hectares, that is, they act locally and are mainly used in suburban communities, small towns. Gravity purification is a line of filters: pescatelli, benzopyrrocolines, sorption.

Performance - a maximum of one hundred and fifty liters per second of water from surface runoff. To the load on sewage treatment plants was not excessive, use of the distribution well, which directs to local areas target quantity of storm water. If the intensity of storm water exceed the estimated amount, then some part of the flow goes to bypass line.

Advantages

In gravity structures, absence of rotating and moving parts, so no need to change any units or nodes. The work of such structures is fully automated cleaning of the surface runoff takes place without the inclusion of manual labor, thus ensuring the safety of workers and not even requiring their constant presence.

Do not Exist andopen water surface, the mode of operation free-flow, gravity, electricity consumption is not required. Above the ground there is no element stands, there are only hatches closed tightly to not spread ammonia and hydrogen sulfide odors. Installation work is quite simple and produced in very short time. The groundwater level at the underground location is not affected. Thus we preserve the natural environment and not disturbed surrounding landscape.

Storage tank

The Area drainage of storm water in sewage treatment plants with a storage tank of up to seven hundred hectares, this is considered to be the most effective. Melt water and rainwater are cleaned with the help of local fixtures to collect drainage and direction of water in the storage tank, which provides a uniform flow of water for cleaning, and the intensity of precipitation. The mode of operation of such structures is optimized, the cost of installation is also relatively small.

Storage tanks with a volume up to three hundred cubic meters made of fiberglass, concrete or metal. Design can be different - open and closed. For residential areas is preferable to the second option, but on construction sites and production areas and is used open type tanks.

How we collect storm water

Debris, sand, oil, and other contaminants are washed from the topography of the land melt water or rain flows, which are all in bodies of water: rivers, lakes, ponds, seas and oceans. As a result, instead of a pond or lake in a short time formed overgrown with duckweed and algae swamp, strongly smelling of ammonia from decomposition borne debris. Therefore, the storm drains made clear before the water fall into water.

For this there are specially designed for each area of the local installation, cleansing storm water, which after purification is discharged into the drainage or sewers or open bodies of water. Local installation there are a variety of models, with capacity from ten to ninety liters of storm water per second. During primary treatment removes suspended solids and oil, then the water settles, after which it brought back to life by coalescing (used a layer of floating load) and filtering through sorption loading.

Design

As installations for purification of waste water a lot and their design differs, sometimes radically, consider one of them - PVO-SV. It consists of a number of elements. The first section is krasilovskii, here are deposited the remains of petroleum products. In the receiving container remain the largest particles - small stones, sand, silt, debris. To remove all this capacity camera deposition. The largest part of the contaminants and almost all the solid particles remain on the plates of the settler, and the separated oil float on the surface, because it is lighter than water.

The Second section is a floating filter media. Arriving here, the water is still heavily polluted with oil products, which are in the form of emulsion. When the flow passes through a layer of load dispersion system is destroyed and oily contamination are separated from the wastewater. The third section of the sorption filter, it is the last purification step prior to the receipt of regulatory indicators. The filter consists of the flask, carlita or coal. The fourth section of the installation - a collection for clean water.