One of the oldest regions of Russia, Tula region, has an ancient and interesting history, which happened in the first place thanks to people. The population of the Tula region represents, on the one hand, typical of countries picture, on the other - there are specific features that should talk.
Tula oblast is located almost in the center of the European part of Russia. From the capital Tula separates about 150 km, the Region borders with the Moscow, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Orel and Kaluga regions. The area of the region is 25.6 thousand sq. km Location in the North-Eastern part of the upland determines the terrain of the region.
Tula oblast is located in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. There's a supply of fresh water in the form of a developed river network in the basins of the Oka and the don. To provide water to settlements created by several dams. However, in dry periods, the region feels a small water deficit.
Tula oblast has always been famous for its forests, today about 13% of the areas occupied by hardwood stands. Minerals of Tula around a bit. It's several coal and ore deposits, including strontium, is developing rich deposits of peat, from the 15th century near Tula produces lime.
The Fertile soil of the region has long been actively used for agriculture. The population of the Tula region the most intensively develops South of the Chernozem territory.
The Area is located in the temperate continental climate characterized by cold but not severe winters and warm summers. Average annual temperatures are kept at around plus 5 degrees. Period with a positive performance on the thermometer is up to 220 days a year.
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In the field quite often with precipitation up to 570 mm. the Summer season begins in late may and lasts until the beginning of September, the average temperature in July, the hottest month is 19 degrees.
Winter begins in November, at the end of the same month installed snow cover. The coldest month-January, the thermometer in on average in that time drops to minus 10 degrees.
Quite favorable, typical of Central Russia weather conditions led to the fact that there have always lived people. The population of the Tula region well adapted to its climate and finds it comfortable to stay. There are no severe frosts and extreme heat, quite often the sun shines. All this has a positive effect on the harvest of agricultural. crops as well as mushrooms and berries, which are rich in local forests.
The First people came to this land 12 thousand years ago. There were found the remains of encampments of people of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic. There lived aliens from the banks of the Desna river, the descendants of the Balts and Vyatichi.
Scientists wonder what the population of the Tula region to be considered indigenous? Accepted the traditional theory that the majority of residents comes from the first Slavic tribes, the other peoples are only an additional ethnic composition.
Vyatichi were industrious and skilful people, they were skilled in metallurgy, farming, weaving. They had to pay tribute to the Khazars, the Kievan princes, to be subjected to attacks. But still the attack happened, for the defense was built the walled city of Deolali, then Belev with powerful oak fortress, and then there are Novosil, Tula and Aleksin. All of this was a large and strong settlement. About them repeatedly mention various chroniclers.
In 1380, the region famous for the battle of Kulikovo, after which begins the unification of Russian lands around Moscow. Tula region became an important defensive region on the southern borders of Muscovy.
In the 17th century begins the industrial development of the Tula land here, built a strong metallurgical workshops, which produced high-quality weapons for the Russian army. In the late 18th century the Tula province, begins the industrial boom, which lasted with few interruptions until the early 20th century.
In the Soviet era Tula oblast was an ordinary, but important region. It is actively developing industry, agriculture, under development of mineral deposits. In the post-Soviet times the area begins to develop the tourism sector, also here, there are a few enterprises providing relative economic stability in the region.
In 1897 conducted regular monitoring of the number of residents in the region. Then there lived 1.4 million people. Before the restructuring in the 20th century the region grew fairly steadily, although at a negligible rate. And since the end of 80-ies begins a strong decline. So, in 1978 in the area, there were 1,906 million, and in 2000 – 1,743 million. The recession is still ongoing.
Today the population of the Tula region amounts to 1,506 million. Not helpingthe demographic peak of the region, the program is called "maternity capital", which has shown high efficiency. But many other factors lead to the fact that the region is empty. The situation of the disaster holds the annual arrival of migrants, mostly people from CIS countries. Every year the area comes to almost 3 thousand people. How many people in the Tula region will be in the future, today the experts are not ready to answer, but the administration clearly has problems that need to be addressed if the region is not completely empty.
Today, the average population density in Tula region 58.6 people per sq km However, there is a clear advantage in density between urban and rural areas. Over the last 50 years the number of citizens increased by 20%. Today 1.2 million people live in cities, nearly 80% of all inhabitants-citizens. Villages are empty and dying. Today, the urban population of the Tula region is as follows: the large town – Tula (485 thousand) and other cities much smaller. Novomoskovsk-126 thousand people, the don – 64 thousand people, oleksyn – 58 thousand people, Miass-57 thousand persons, Nodal – 52 thousand people. The rest of the city even less. The small town – Chekalin (965 people).
The population of the Tula region shows a marked tendency to aging. Fertility and mortality are falling, the population begins to live a little longer, an average of 69 years. This is a very low figure for Russia, which indicates a poor situation of life in the region.
In the high suicide rate, deaths from social vices also significant. Negatively on life expectancy affects the ecological situation in the region today is not very good. The demographic burden is 773 disabled person for every thousand workers (in the neighboring areas, the average is 711 people).
The Population of the Tula region, primarily Russian, about 95%. 1% are Ukrainians, other ethnic groups represented less than 1%. The main language of communication-Russian too. Dominant religion-Christianity.
Article in other languages:
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/24621-haly-tula-oblysy-sany-ty-yzdy-y.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/aktualno-ci-i-spo-ecze-stwo/24544-ludno-leppera-liczebno-g-sto.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/haber-ve-toplum/24626-n-fus-tula-b-lgesi-n-fus-yo-unlu-u.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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