Optoelectronic devices: description, classification, application and types

Modern science is actively developing in many different directions, trying to cover all possible potentially useful areas of activity. Among all this should highlight the optoelectronic devices that are used in the process of data transfer and storage or processing. They are used almost everywhere used more or less sophisticated equipment.

What is it?

Under the optoelectronic devices, which are also known as optocouplers, see special semiconductor devices, able to send and receive radiation. These design elements are the names of the photodetector and the light emitter. They can have different options of communication. The principle of operation of similar products based on the transformation of electricity into light, and the reverse of this reaction. As a result, one device can send a signal and the other receives it and “decode”. Used optoelectronic devices:

• Blocks of communication equipment;
• The input circuits of measuring devices;
• High-voltage and high-current circuits;
• Powerful thyristors and triacs;
• Relay devices, and so on.

All these products can be classified in several basic groups, depending on their individual components, design or other factors. More on that below.

Emitter

Optoelectronic devices are equipped with systems of signal transmission. They are called emitters and depending on the type of the product is the following:

• Laser and light emitting diodes. These items are among the most versatile. They are characterized by high rates of efficiency, a very narrow range of the beam (this option is also known as quasirotational), a wide range of work, maintaining a clear direction of radiation and a very high speed. The devices with such emitters work very long and extremely reliable, are small dimensions and demonstrate in the field of microelectronic models.
• Electroluminescent cell. This subassembly shows are not particularly a high quality setting for the conversion and works not too long. At the same time, devices are very difficult to manage. However, they are best suited for photoresists and can be used to create multi-element, multi-functional structures. However, because of their shortcomings, now emitters of this type are used quite rarely, only when they do not do.
• Neon lamps. the Return lights of these models is relatively low, and they do not withstand damage and work long. Are large in size. Used very rarely, in certain types of instruments.
• Llama glow. These radiators are only used in resistance equipment and nowhere else.

As a result, led and laser models are perfectly suited for almost all areas of activity and only in certain areas where otherwise, there are other options.

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Sensor

Classification of optoelectronic devices is also produced by type this part of the design. As the host element can be used different types of products.

• Photo - thyristors, transistors and diodes. All of them are universal devices that can work with the transition open. Often at the core of the design is silicon and due to this the products get quite a wide range of sensitivity.
• Photoresistors. This is the only alternative whose main advantage is the change of properties in a very complex way. It helps to implement various mathematical models. Unfortunately, photoresistors inertia, which significantly narrows the scope of their application.

The Reception of beam – this is one of the most basic elements of any such device. Only after he can be obtained, further processing, and it will not be possible if not high quality. As a consequence, the design of the photodetector is given great attention.

Vicinity

The design Features of the products may well show used the notation photoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In particular this applies to the data channel. There are three main options:

• The Elongated channel. The Sensor in this model is separated on serious enough distance from the optical channel by forming a special fiber. This variant design is actively used in computer networks for active data transfer.
• Closed channel. This type of design uses a special protection. It perfectly protects the channel from external influences. Apply a model for system isolation. This is a fairly new and promising technology, is now continually improving and gradually replacing the solenoid.
• An Open channel. Such design implies the presence of the air gap between sensor and emitter.The model used in diagnostic systems or various sensors.

Spectral range

From the point of view of this indicator, all kinds of optoelectronic devices can be divided into two types:

• Close range. wavelength in this case is in the range of 0.8-1.2 microns. Most often this system is used in devices that use an open channel.
• The far range. There is already wavelength of 0.4-0.75 µm. Used in most other products of this type.

Design

According to this indicator, optoelectronic devices are divided into three groups:

• Special. this includes devices equipped with several emitters and photodetectors, sensors of presence, position, smoke and so on.
• The Integral. In these models, an additional use of special logic circuits, Comparators, amplifiers and other devices. In addition, inputs and outputs are galvanically isolated from them.
• Basic. This is the easiest option products in which the receiver and emitter are present only in one copy. They can be as thyristor and transistor, diode, resistive and generally, any other.

The devices can be used by all three groups or individually. Structural elements play a major role and directly affect the functionality of the product. At the same time, sophisticated equipment can use and the most simple, basic species, if appropriate. But the opposite is true.

Optoelectronic devices and their applications

From the point of view of usage of devices all of them can divided into 4 categories:

• Integrated circuits. Applied in various devices. The principle between the different elements of the structure by means of separate parts that are isolated from each other. It does not give interaction of the components in any way other than that which was provided by the developer.
• Isolation. In this case you use special optical resistor pair diode, thyristor or transistor varieties, and so on.
• Transform. This is one of the most common use cases. In this current transformirovalsya in light and is used in this way. A simple example – all kinds of lamps.
• The Inverse transformation. This is completely opposite to the option in which the light transformirovalsya in the current. Used to create all kinds of receivers.

In fact, it is difficult to imagine virtually any device running on electricity and devoid of any variant of optoelectronic components. They can be presented in a small amount, but will still be present.

Results

All optoelectronic devices, thyristors, diodes, semiconductor devices – the structural elements of different types of equipment. They allow people to light, to transmit information, process or even store it.