Accumulator: a device that adjusts

Almost every modern house has the water supply system, a required element of which is the accumulator for the water. However, some owners of private property are wondering what it does, is it possible to do without it? In this article we will try to find out.

This knowledge will help to avoid many problems that can arise in the process of operation. By the way, the hydraulic accumulators are widely used not only in households but also in industry.

What is it?

The accumulator, and hydraulic or diaphragm expansion tank, presented in the form of cans with thick walls. Inside it is either a membrane or a bladder. Learn more about the device will be discussed in the subsequent section. There are two types of accumulators:

1. Horizontal.
2. Vertical.

Each of them has its own characteristics. The hydraulic tanks horizontal design it is best to connect surface pumping equipment. While when using vertical devices is better to give preference submersible pumps that are installed in a separate room.

Usually hydrotanks, the volume of which does not exceed 100 litres, missing safety valve. In connection to bleed air, it is necessary to completely empty the container.

As the pressure for water is an indispensable element of water supply, any variation must be equipped with a system for venting. Otherwise, the excess oxygen lead to the formation of air pockets, which is not the best way affect the performance of the entire system.

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The need

To understand what exactly is the need for this equipment, it is sufficient to refer to his direct duties. Anyone in the private house the water system is functioning, knows that in addition to the hydraulic tank includes pumping equipment. And if there are no additional devices, the pump is always included when there is a flow of water: showering, washing dishes and other household needs.

Such frequent switching on and off lead to the rapid failure of the equipment. And can suffer not only the pump but the whole system. Each time the pressure jumps leaps and bounds, and it is nothing like a hydraulic shock. For this reason, and raises the pressure tank for the water that allows the pump to run in moderate mode.

That is whenever you need to wash or just wash my hands, the pump will not be included, since water consumption is small. In this case, he is resting quietly, as resources are utilized hydraulic accumulator (while it still has water). But it is worth it to drop to a certain level, as the equipment begins to work and replenish fluids.

Other functions of the accumulator

The main reason for the need of such element of the water supply system is already understood, but its functionality is not limited. Other important functionality includes:

• Pressure. Even if the house will be open at the same time a few taps, all kompensiruet through the accumulator. Otherwise (without it) to avoid sudden drop in pressure. If the system uses hot water, the consequence of such changes will change the temperature.
• Stock. A power Outage - the phenomenon infrequent, but inevitable, so you should have some margin for such a case.
• Protection from water hammer. This phenomenon occurs periodically, and many deal with it by smooth on and off valves. But it is much better to initially include in the system tank.
• Protects the pump. In the working chamber already has some amount of water that does not allow the equipment to operate continuously.

The market has a good alternative in the face of pumping equipment, which is due to a number of manufacturers specifically adapted for pumping water without pressure tank. The whole scheme is very simple, but it requires some knowledge about the correct settings of such equipment. In addition, the cost is much higher than just replace the pump with an additional fuel tank.

Not coincidentally in the private sector, now almost every owner who wishes to adjust the flow water in your house, think about the fact to put or not such a device. The answer, of course, a clear – to put, after all available benefits just cannot be underestimated.

Hardware Device

Any owner of the house water system is important not only to know what is the need for such a main element, but also to understand its principle of action, including how to drain the water from the accumulator. At the end of the article.

The Term "membrane tank" is not used accidentally. Besides the fact that such containers are divided into horizontal and vertical, they can be classified in another way:

• Diaphragm.
• The Balloon.

First case-it just Membrane tank. That is inside of itthere is a special elastic partition, which divides the whole volume into two chambers: for air and water. The membrane itself is non-removable and therefore in case of its breakthrough – the replacement of the accumulator as a whole. Fortunately, they are durable.

In the balloon device instead of elastic walls are pear-shaped working element made of the same material as the membrane, allowing it to stretch, combine desired amount of water. In this case, the inner receptacle can be replaced.

And the division of the chambers are constructed so that water is not in contact with the inner metallic surface of the accumulator. The air chamber has a pneumatic valve, which is responsible for the pressure adjustment. Usually it is filled with air, nitrogen or some other inert gas. Due to the connection pipe, the working capacity is filled with water. In order to control the operation of pumping equipment in the automatic mode, provides a pressure switch which is also connected to the accumulator.

Working Principle

How does the considered device? As you can see from the previous section, accumulator for water is not particularly complicated in structure. And actually, the principle of its action is based on the ability to accumulate hydraulic energy.

When you turn on the pumping equipment, the water begins to fill the working capacity, and she stretched, growing in size. Thus, it starts to compress air or gas in the second chamber, thereby creating a certain pressure. As soon as it rises to a predetermined value, the connected relay will give a signal to the pump and the disabled.

Under the action of this pressure the water from the working chamber enters the water supply system – just open the tap and water will flow. Over time, the amount of water in the chamber is reduced, which leads to a gradual reduction in pressure in the gas chamber. And as soon as it drops to a certain minimum, the same relay will command the pump to start working. Then the whole cycle repeats itself.

It is important to note that the frequency of operation of pumping equipment depends entirely on the volume of the accumulator and the extent of use of the water. The optimum tank capacity – 100 litres. This amount is enough for household needs. Moreover, the relay can be operated up to 10-15 times in an hour, and the economical use of water – around 5 times.

Pressure switch too

This sensor is responsible for automatic operation of the pumping station, watching the water pressure in the accumulator. Also thanks to him you can adjust the pressure of the working chamber. Relay works by some manipulations:

• Pressure exceeds the permitted value – the unlocking of the contacts (the pump stops).
• Reduction of pressure below normal leads to contact closure (pump included).

This device also has its own membrane, which bends and flexes depending on the pressure. Due to this switching of the contacts in the mechanism.

Bale accumulator and relay is a reliable system for quality and comfort piped water. And no matter what was going on: private homes, commercial buildings and so on.

Connection relay

The sensor is Connected not only to the water supply system, but also to electrical parts. For connection to the water supply, choose a comfortable place with the aid of flexible tubes and different fittings. All screw joints required to be sealed with flax or FUM-tape. Not superfluous to install a pressure gauge to control the pressure in the water system. Some models of membrane tanks are already equipped with such a device, which is convenient if necessary, drain the water from the accumulator.

As for electric parts, for relays do not have to select a single line, but the device longer worked, still need to take care of this. For this to hold from the switchboard to a separate solid copper conductor with a diameter with cross-sectional area 2.5 mm², no less. Also it is necessary to include a bunch of machine+RCD or differential automatic.

Because the relay itself does not consume so much electricity, that need to be guided by the parameters of the pump. Electricity and water – the combination of bad, and so you need grounding. Under the hood the device is a connector for connecting the different wires:

1. Ground;
2. A pair of line contacts (line) used to connect phase and zero from the fuse box;
3. The third pair serves to connect wires with pumping equipment.

It Now remains to check all threaded connections for tightness and go, if necessary, to adjustment of the relay.

Features of the relay adjustment

Before you buy a relay, you can determine the operating limits of pressure pumping equipment and hydraulic accumulator. It is important that these parameters of all three components correlated to each other. How to adjust pressure switch water pressure tank? The answer is in a simple statement:

• Open any faucet or hosein the process of consumption of water to know the gauge, at what value will turn on the pump. As a rule, 1-1,5 bar.
• Then you need to close the water to see at what pressure the pump shuts down. Optimal – 2.5-3 bar.

If necessary, install the other pressure, you need to remove the cover of the mechanism under which the spring nuts. Large adjusts the pressure value at which the pump is started. Smaller how to understand – the equipment off.

Adjustment of the values of the pressure of nuts: to increase the threshold they are twisted in the clockwise direction (tightening). If you need to lower the threshold, respectively, they can be turned out counterclockwise (weakening). Because of the high sensitivity of the nuts, it is not necessary at once to rotate through 360° or more.

Maintenance

According to many experts, accumulators, and any other equipment, also need timely maintenance. As a result of active use of the water supply system, the pressure in the air chamber is substantially reduced. This process is natural, and from it nobody is insured.

For this reason, in order to compensate for this disadvantage, it is necessary to disable the water pump, the accumulator is completely emptied. On the recommendations of professionals, this should be done every 10-12 months. Thanks for such a simple operation to use the plumbing in your house, you will be comfortable and long.

Water drainage

Most of us have a country where we most of the time spend only in the summer. But with the onset of autumn it's time to take a certain action, namely to prepare the water system for the winter. For this you need to completely empty the accumulator. Drain water for the winter can be executed after the instructions:

1. Pumping equipment is Disconnected from electricity.
2. Open all water consumers (taps, cocks, valves, etc.) to the working chamber of the accumulator quickly squeezed out all the water.
3. Detaches From the pump suction line.
4. Detaches the hose to the hydraulic tank, the remaining liquid in the pump will immediately run.

As you can see, nothing complicated, however, such a procedure mandatory, that the next time the water works as before.