Monolithic reinforced concrete. The device of the formwork technology for the construction of buildings

Concrete Production today have mastered not only the professionals but also private developers, is made available monolithic construction technology. Such buildings are more durable than all other types of buildings. Early on this technology were built industrial facilities and multi-storey buildings. Today this technique is known to private masters, who use it for building their own houses and cottages. Using monolithic technology, you can realize incredible and bold design ideas.

Future homeowners are increasingly thinking about the construction of monolithic buildings, as these buildings are surprisingly durable. They are able to endure even a small earthquake. And the work does not involve much effort in the construction process. Expensive materials do not have to use, and the operation of the house is the durability and reliability. To decorate such buildings can be any facing material, the walls are allowable at once to build with additional insulation.

Features removable formwork

Reinforced concrete can be poured into a removable or non-removable formwork. The first kind is more widespread and known. After the initial setting, the solution masters will need to dismantle the material, leaving the design to dry completely.

If you use reusable formwork, you will be able to generate a variety of forms for pouring concrete. You will be able to erect a Foundation, establish a framework of multi-storey buildings, to build monolithic walls and staircases, as well as creating decorative elements of the interior and exterior. The walls are made of reinforced concrete poured into removable formwork is used for:

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• Wooden array;
• Steel sheets;
• Combined variation;
• Aluminum;
• Sheets of plywood.

Quite a common covering of PVC which facilitates the deconstruction of reusable formwork. Metal options are used to build complex structures and in cases when technology is used for solid construction. To create the formwork of the Foundation it is best to use plywood, boards or wooden boards. To facilitate the process of installation by the use of metal frames, which are wooden boards. Plywood for the removable casing can only be used to create a small concrete structure or thin walls.

The Rules of construction of the removable casing

If you want to pour a monolithic reinforced concrete, it is possible to use a removable formwork solution, but it must meet certain requirements. Frame must be securely fastened in place and possess the qualities of stiffness. Separate elements of the overall design must fit exactly to each other. The gaps should be minimal.

The height of the formwork needs to withstand considerable pressure, which will be a solution after pouring. It is desirable that a removable mold had poor adhesion with the concrete. If it is applied several times, the structural elements must not deform from impact loads.

Preparation of wooden elements

If you want to pour a monolithic reinforced concrete, it is necessary to pick up wooden boards, the thickness of which can vary from 25 mm to 50 mm In width such elements can be very different, this parameter is not critical. However, increasing the width increases the likelihood of cracking. It is better to choose a Board, the width of which varies from 200 to 300 mm the Board should be assembled in panels, the height of which should correspond to the future level of pouring concrete. To do this apply the parallel bars, which strengthen the Board.

With the external hand must be placed the parallel bars, while nails hammered into the boards so that the cap is inside the casing. It is extremely tight fit between the Board ends. If was formed slit width from 1 to 5 mm, they are close tow. In case of cracks more impressive the size of them should be beaten with rods.

Reference

Reinforced concrete will not get the desired strength if there are cracks in the formwork, since they will percolate the cement milk from the solution. In addition to the shields, prepare the boards, the length of which should be greater than the height of the formwork by 1/3. For the formation of spacers used Board and wire to bind the walls of the method of installation of internal jumpers.

The timbering Device

Below is an example of the formation of the structure of formwork for strip Foundation. These guidelines will allow you to build fences for most other purposes. First, prepare the surface, dug a trench for the Foundation, the bottom is placed a sand cushion. Layer this training shall be 150 mm. of the Obtained base is compacted and abundantly moistened with water. To simplify the process of determining the correct location of the walls of the casing it is based should be doneas strong as possible. For this purpose it is covered with cement-sandy mortar or pour a thin layer of concrete. The horizontality should be checked with the water level.

Formwork for stairs and floors

If the device formwork for the stairs, at the site of the installation design should form the Foundation that is associated with the main base buildings. When you create a slab formwork system should establish a framework of boards that are supported by telescopic uprights. The area of base is not fixed beams and I-beams and wooden beams.

The methodology of the construction of formwork

As soon As you leveled and reinforced base in a trench, you can begin the installation of the formwork. Using a rope and pegs should outline the perimeter of the formwork elements, following the requirements of the project. At the perimeter of the Foundation on all sides set the pegs and bars. The surface that faces the base, should be removed from the marking line on the distance equal to the thickness of the shuttering boards. The pegs needed to hold the bottom of the boards, whereas the boards will be the basis for backups. Wooden boards must attach to the bars and pegs, making fastening with nails. The inner surface of the shields should repeat the external form of the future Foundation.

Expert Advice

If after you want to perform grinding on concrete, then you should indent the edges of the formwork from marking 15 mm. the Upper portion of the support boards should be additionally fixed with the help of props. To do this, apply the Board, the length of which must be at least 1.5 times in comparison with the height of the Foundation. One edge of it will rest on the upper portion of the support bar, while others – into the soil. At the big thickness of the Foundation, when the backup can not withstand the pressure, should be a bunch of additional formwork jumpers. They are made of wire-rod, which will link the opposite boards.

Technology of construction of buildings with permanent form

Formwork for concrete can be fixed, the technology most frequently used today in the construction of cottages. The formwork elements will act as an additional layer of insulation. The cost will be as low as possible, as labor costs are negligible. After forming and sealing the base of the building it is shuttering, which has the appearance of Styrofoam. They are held together by the profiles. Forms have a locking system, the tongue-and-groove that allows you to connect the elements tight and without gaps. This completely eliminates the possibility of penetration of the solution and the appearance of nodules in the joints of the forms.

Formwork may be of completely different thickness, but usually there are blocks in which empty space has a width of 150 mm with both sides a polystyrene layer 5 to 7.5 cm This will be enough for the house to be warm in winter and cool in summer. When you build a building made of reinforced concrete on the technology of permanent formwork, after mounting the last concrete will be poured. As soon as he layer reaches a thickness of 50 cm, the material should be compacted by the deep vibrator.

Important to remember

Note that to fill the permanent formwork is permissible to use only concrete, the use of warm mixes are excluded. This is because the water vapor permeability of foamed polystyrene are low, and the water vapor permeability of warm mix above. If warm concrete is sandwiched between layers of insulation, the inside will cause condensation, which certainly formed fungus and mold. This technology of reinforced concrete does not require additional insulation. The walls need to be plastered decorative composition sheathing or siding. As the advantages of the technique is simplicity of operations, low cost and no need for additional insulation. But the cottage will have the ability to breathe.

Technology for precast concrete

The Main difference between precast concrete elements is that they are not collected on construction sites and in factory conditions. This allows to achieve higher quality products. At the stage of production uses highly mechanized machines and fully automated equipment. The price of such structures is lower, as the complexity of the process is minimized. Precast concrete is made in view of the negligible cost of the formwork, as in this case, it involves the use of reusable.

Reinforced Concrete structures are divided into four classes according to the purpose, namely:

• For industrial facilities;
• Reinforced concrete in different fields;
• For the construction of civil and residential structures;
• For engineering.

Precast concrete for civil use – floors, staircases, panels, platforms, concrete Foundation blocks and wall structures. For industrial use apply concrete columns, column foundations, pile and plateoverlap.

Precast concrete with your hands

The Device of the formwork will need to be implemented and in that case, if you wish to produce concrete products. Some home masters think that to spend money on rebar is not necessarily so as the concrete and already has a high durability and reliability. However, in 90% of cases bearing elements are combined loads, namely, tension and compression. The valve will undergo tension, not allowing the design to break. The concrete will be well able to withstand vertical load only when it will be in the form of a regular cube, which is only possible in laboratory conditions.

Conclusion

Production of concrete for the pouring of the Foundation should assume compliance with the ratio of ingredients. So, the proportion of cement, sand and crushed stone as follows: 1:3:5.