Family onion: description and characteristics of varieties, planting and care

This vegetable, like onions, are present every day in our diet. Onion family in Europe better known under the name shallot. We used to call the family, rustovkoj, sorokoduby, kusovky. The article describes what sorts of cultures exist and how to grow them.

Description family onions

The variety of onion is one of the most common crops of our farmers. Family onion – this is a variation of the ordinary bulb. The difference is that it is very juicy and flavorful. In addition, the vegetable has only a slight bitterness. Many consumers appreciate it for its soft taste. The name of the bow was due to belonging to mnogozadachnost forms. The most famous kind is the shallot, which has small nodules and tender leaves. They grow nests (4-10 pieces). Weight one such family is in the range of 150-300 grams.

Of Course, because of the modest size of the follicles is not very easy to clean. But that's not stopping chefs around the world who are willing to use the vegetable for cooking the perfect meals. The onion family is not only fried, pickled, stewed, but even cooked from it jam. Fresh vegetable is ideal for salads.

According to reviews, the onion family is kept well at home. In March, the vegetable can be planted even in pots on a window for receiving the succulents.

The Husk of a culture can have different color: red, bronze, Golden and purple. In a cut onion can be pink-purple or white. To plant has a characteristic lush greens, which are willing to use for cooking. Gentle and delicate the feathers are sometimes covered with a waxy bloom, in the height they reach 30-50 centimeters.

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Culture has mockbul root system located in the surface layer. Inflorescences located on a high arrow similar to umbrellas. The small size of the seeds superficially resemble bulbs.

Best grade

Culture has so many varieties. The best varieties of onion family can be divided into late, middle and early maturing. Because types of plants are numerous, we will cite only the most popular varieties that are loved by gardeners:

1. Velikoustyugskaya species has a rounded shape. This variety is characterized by strong and vigorous taste. The bulbs are colored red-brown color, the weight of each is about 80 g. the Variety has high yield.
2. Onions-Prince has a pleasant taste and a delicate color (pink brown). Inside the flesh is pink. The bulbs are very well kept, the weight reaches 75 grams.
3. The old believers ' variety was obtained in the Vologda region. The bulbs have an unusual copper-pink color. Despite the fact that the taste of onion is quite sharp, thus it's pleasant. The name of the variety was not due to the fact that plants contain a lot of incredibly useful items, but because it as a remedy used by the old believers.
4. Albik – plants from the Peninsula taste and flat-round bulbs. Culture gives high yields of greens and tubers. The weight of each bulblets is around 50 grams.
5. Plant varieties Prometheus have the most delicate taste. Gardeners liked high yielding crop. Moreover, the weight of each bulb is 80 g.
6. Serge – it is a cultivar that has a rounded shape of tubers and incredibly sharp taste.
7. Grant-yielding varieties, giving not only the bulbs but also the quality of the greens.

Varieties of onion family can be listed for a very long time, they are presented in very large amounts. So if you want you can choose the suitable type depending on the ripening and flavor characteristics.

Soil Preparation

Family onion loves fertile soil. The soil should be drained. Culture more acceptable neutral acidity. The bulbs can be planted in beds that had beans, potatoes and carrots. If you are planning a family planting onions, then the fall must be paid to the soil humus in the calculation of five kilograms per square meter. It is also worth adding 15 g of the potassium salt and 25 g of superphosphate per square meter.

Planting Dates

Shallots – cold-resistant plant. He is not afraid of frosts, and therefore in open ground it can be planted in March and April. The first greens will be ready for harvest in may.

To get the pen in the early stages of onions can be planted in October. Before winter he will have time to take root, but the growth will not go. But in early April you will be able to pluck fresh herbs. Of course, in the more Northern regions, planting in the winter may not be as successful because of the freezing part of the bulbs.

Late planting of onion leads to a rapid development of the greens, but the roots develop poorly, and hence the bad bulb is formed. This negatively affects the yield.

Layout beds

Bow kuschevka planted at a distance of 10 cm from each other, stepping between the rows twenty inches. In this embodiment, landing on a square meter of land consumption is not less than a kilogram. For growing is better to take onions of medium size. Small will not givea good harvest. They can be planted for more greens. Too close to plant seed is also not necessary that the bulbs are not grown too small.

Preparing bulbs

The Farming family Luke – the process is simple, but requires some knowledge. Before planting seed, you need to prepare. Onions cleaned from excess dry skin. Further, they are etched in a solution of copper sulphate (table. tablespoon per 10 liters of liquid). Next, the bow is washed with clean water. It is also recommended to soak seed material in the solution of complex fertilizers. This will help to replenish moisture lost during storage. Placed in a solution of vegetable you can in ten hours.

If you wish the bulbs to sprout, but it is not necessary.

Planting onions

The family Planted the bulbs of onions before the earth warms up to +5 degrees. Culture are encouraged to grow in rows. First form a furrow for planting, and then fill them with water. Next, place bulbs at a depth of no more than 2-3 inches. Too high plant is not necessary, since the plant roots will suffer from lack of nutrients, but their papers also not recommended. In the grooves, you can make wood ash. Next, the beds covered with earth and mulch on top.

Further care

Immediately after planting and until germination up to a height of ten centimeters onions in care is not needed. Watering is not needed. The roots need to grow deep in search of moisture to make the plant receives all the nutrients. Only mulch the soil. For this you can use grass clippings. This method will not only retain moisture, but in some measure to defend themselves from weeds. Mulch not only retains moisture, but provides great oxygen. Water the plants once a week. Usually for the bow require no dressing at cultivation. But sometimes the feathers begin to turn yellow prematurely. Then you can make a solution of the potassium salt (10 g), ammonium nitrate (10 g) per 10 liters of water. Is potassium salt it is possible to use wood ash. With organic fertilizers you can use chicken droppings or manure. Make them two times over the growing period only in the case if onions are grown on depleted soils. The first dressing is taken at the time of the formation of the greens, and the second – in the beginning of the formation of bulblets.

If plants are affected by diseases or pests, it is necessary to spend spraying one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture. But after the treatment, the herbs can not be consumed as food. It is not recommended to handle a bow two weeks before harvest.

Harvesting

To Begin harvesting, you can after wither a large part of the feathers. It mostly happens at the end of July. The timing is largely dependent on variety. Procrastinate with the cleaning and keep cooked vegetables in the ground is also not necessary, because then the bow may be poorly stored. A few weeks before harvesting stop watering. Excess moisture can foster the growth of that impact then on the maturation process.

Matured bulbs are dug in dry weather and left to dry in the garden until the evening. For harvest it is best to choose a Sunny day. After vegetables are cleaned in a dry and dark room. The drying process takes approximately fifteen days. Readiness is determined by the neck of onion bulbs. It should be dry. After drying, dried herbs are cut. For long term storage the crop should be examined. Damaged follicles are selected for use in the near future. Quality vegetables stored in boxes in dark rooms, in conditions of low humidity.

Pests and diseases

Judging by the reviews the gardeners, it can be argued that the family is resistant to diseases and pests. Correct agricultural techniques is key to healthy plants. On the landing are selected only high-quality material that is treated with disinfecting solutions. To protect the crops from pest such as onion fly, landing is treated with tobacco dust, wood ash. Also as a preventive measure culture can be planted around carrot beds. The soil between the rows should be loosened by removing weeds. About plantings can be used to decompose rosemary, wormwood, of the tops of the tomatoes. Its sharp smell of herbs effectively repel pests. In pest control helps Bordeaux liquid.

Sometimes there is a problem such as yellowing of green culture. The reasons for this phenomenon can be very different, and hence to solve the issue have different. Yellowing maybe due to lack of nitrogen. Indicator of trouble is the appearance of white tips on the feathers. It can be solved quite simply using organic fertilization.

Also, plants may not have enough potassium. In this case, use potassium salt or ash.

The Yellowing of feathers can be caused by the onion fly. Its larvae damage not only greens, but also onions. For pest control using fly ash, "Agravain” and “Was”.

The Yellowing greenery also contributes to overflow.

Possible problemswhen growing

Sometimes some of the bulbs go to the arrow, indicating a violation of the conditions of storage in the winter. In that case, if you are faced with this problem, the stems of the plants need to be removed.

Sometimes, the onion is in the green, but it is not increasing very flesh. Reasons for this phenomenon could be many: wrong agriculture, violation of terms of planting, the overabundance of nitrogen in the soil.

To avoid such problems, it is necessary to plant culture early, don't water it in the first week after planting and do not overdo it with nitrogen fertilizers that cause the growth of green mass.

The whole family onion – this is a completely undemanding plant with simple technologies. Compliance with the elementary rules of care allows you to obtain an excellent yield. Worldwide culture is valued for its delicate taste and fine quality. We hope that our article will help with planting the bow novice gardeners.