The constructive element of the building is... the Main structural elements of buildings (foundations, walls, floors, partitions, roof, stairs, Windows, doors)

Structural element of the building is its component parts, which are used by architects, designers, builders for the construction of required structures.

Building Construction involves the Assembly of the elements depends on the purpose and defining its structure. Each structural element of the building The overground and underground parts.

They are residential, public and industrial purpose and can be built from natural or artificial stone or wood. By design, they can be single storey or multi-storey structure.

Each building as a whole and its components must have high strength, stability, durability, fire resistance.

Basic components of buildings

Residential buildings represent an object that performs a number of functions to ensure comfortable stay of man. The basic elements that comprise a building:

• Foundation.
• Basement
• Cap.
• Pavement.
• Walls (interior and exterior).
• Partition.
• Ladder.
• Overlap.
• Roof.

The Underground part of the structure

For each building, especially, is erected the main structural element of the building is the Foundation, which is settling on a plot of ground to serve him as a basis. It is distributed on the totality of all loads of the body. From its strength depends on the rigidity, stability and durability of the building.

No structure is erected directly on the ground. The number of bases with various characteristics, structures, field of use, is sufficiently large.

This element of the building can be performed in a tape, plate or columnar variant, the base of the latter are individual legs.

A pit for the arrangement of the strip Foundation is made with some emphasis walls. The tilt angle is calculated individually in each case.

Basement settling under the house, in the space bounded by the Foundation.

Base represents a fragment of the basement located above ground level. This part of the building structure is in a more aggressive environment than its vertical elements-walls. This element is effective weight all of the above located add-ins, the pressure of the soil during cycles of freezing and thawing.

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Above-ground elements of the building

All elements of the structure, placed above the plane of the blind area, consisting of load-bearing and enclosure components, refer to the overhead component built housing.

The blind area defines the boundary between the upper and underground building constructions. This is a special coating around the perimeter of the structure. Laying is carried out under a certain bias in the direction from the supporting wall.

The structure and purpose bordering design is, first and foremost, waterproofing, i.e. the protection of the building against the effects of external precipitation and groundwater drainage. Warm scheme of pavement will allow you to perform one more function-insulation, preventing the soil from frost heaving.

The Use for arrangement of blind area decorative and durable material allows you not only to decorate and complete the look of the building. The deck performs the function of sidewalks, providing the approach to the building.

The walls of the outer and inner bearing elements

The Exterior walls represent the vertical part of the fence building. It shielded them from the external environment. In the structure of the building they are given the most difficult position. The walls have load self-weight, partitions, roofs of the buildings. In addition, solar radiation, temperature differences inside and outside the building, climatic conditions.

To prevent the deformation of exterior and interior walls, in the construction for their construction, use materials that meet all the conditions of strength and durability.

Its location structural component of a building "inner wall" is dividing the middle space facilities element. This part is not affected by any load except their own weight. However, due to the large interior space requires the use of internal walls, performing the role of carriers. Such walls rest on a Foundation and are the type of exterior walls, using a similar or related materials.

Middle floors are located between the basement and attic rooms intended for human habitation and constitute the main structural elements of buildings.

In the plane of the exterior walls of the floors are built is required for communication with the external environment and flights of stairs such constructions as Windows, doors.

Internal partitions and stairs

The Partitions in the building are designed for separation of inner space of a separate room. With their help, possible redevelopment of the apartment by the owner. No force impact they are experiencing.

The Stairs perform the reporting function between the floors, enable the evacuation of people in extreme situations and are the main structural elements of buildings.

The Main stairs are located in areas with load-bearing walls in which the Windows and doors of apartments. All high-rise buildings include exterior emergency ladders for work in emergency situations, rescue and fire services.

Overlap

The ceilings are horizontal parts of structures that are in construction performs the separating function. They formed the floors in the building, they have to meet specific requirements for strength, stiffness, as the floor decks in the house Must be able to withstand their own weight and the weight of all parts of buildings and people.

The Horizontal components must be endowed with characteristics of sound and heat insulation, due to health regulations.

Roof and its components

Mauerlat-leveling support for installation of rafters, design of the roof.

Another integral structural element of the building's rafters, which have to withstand its own weight, the material of the roof and environmental conditions: wind, snow, rain, solar radiation.

Details of the truss system is designed to perform certain functions. Truss system should have a high degree of rigidity to eliminate dangerous movement that may cause the destruction not only of the roof, may result in the destruction of the structure.

Most Often used triangular form of truss construction, the so-called farm. The edges of the upper floor of the building in parallel, establish farms, linking them with such connecting elements as beams (solid or lattice linear element-bearing beams and slabs), girder (beam located horizontally in the roof structure required to support roof) and tighten.

Completes the design of the roof structure, which combines architectural and structural elements of the building and Protective Decorative properties.

The Roof is equipped with a compulsory element – a waterproof shell, the roof, which also protects the building against mechanical damage, has high reliability and durability. In addition to the protective function, the roof adorns the building, giving it individuality.