Mount the rafters to the joists is carried out during the construction of attic roofs with negligible weight. The attachment points are obtained the most reliable, if you choose the right installation option and follow the technology.
When designing the roof structure, you need to choose the appropriate option for the roof system. Extras should be allocated naslonnye and hanging the rafters. For light roofs, an impressive square, the commonly used farm hanging type. For them as a support act of the wall.
A More thorough and complex the system naslonnye rafters. They truss legs have additional points of support. During the construction of the roof truss system is based on mauerlat, which is a structure on the longitudinal walls or installed around the perimeter of the house. This variant of fastening of the rafters to the joists is used, if the house is built of blocks or bricks.
If the top of the walls is concrete monolithic beam or wall made of logs or timber, the roof is supported on a horizontal I-beam and not on mauerlat. The beams in this case box cover built in the transverse direction. The simplest variant of the device easy mansard roof is a roof frame, which rests on the beams.
In the design process it is necessary to calculate the rafter feet and the beam width, given the load on the roofing system. At installation it is necessary to provide the bearing of the rafters to the beam. Mount the rafters to the joists without mauerlat can be carried out only in the case when the walls of the buildings can withstand an impressive point loads.
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If for hanging rafters beams play the role of a support, the system creates a high load on the building structure. This approach is relevant in the construction of wooden houses, because the timber or logs, oriented horizontally, ensuring uniform distribution of load. But in the case of brick walls retained pressure can be devastating, especially true for those places where there are beams, in this case, the edge of the wall crumbles.
To disperse pressure placed mauerlat on the crest of the wall. It is made of thick timber of square section with side 150 mm. But when the attachment of the rafters to the joists, under the weight of the roof the walls will not collapse, because mauerlat will perform as a discharge element. In order to secure block or brick wall when they are high stress, in their upper part should perform the reinforced zone of concrete.
Today the rafters to the joists can be fastened in one of several ways. Thus it is necessary to exclude the possibility of slippage of the rafters with the support. To use this requires connections with the studs and grooves, which are prepared in both elements.
An Alternative solution is metal fasteners. Mount the rafters to the joists can be performed with the bolts. In this case, the set consists of nuts, bolts and washers. At the end of the beam, which acts on the back side, it is necessary to form the triangular cutout. Its hypotenuse must be positioned at an angle that matches the slope of the rafters. The lower part of the rafter feet zapilivaetsya at the same angle.
When the rafter is installed on the beam, it is necessary to strengthen nails, and then drill a through hole, which will be perpendicular to the rafter leg. Holes required for bolts, they should be placed at the bottom and pass through a cutout that is in the beam.
The Washer fits over the bolt and with the nut will secure the site. Wooden elements are attenuated with time, if the fastening of the rafters to the joists shed roof is done using through-holes. For this reason, the most common connection pin of the abutment and tooth.
Considering the options of fixing, you should note that the configuration will depend on the angle of slopes. If the slope is steep, then it will experience a reduced snow load, in this case, it is sufficient to use a mount with a single tooth. Dual is applied at installation of the roof, if the slope angle is less than 35 °. This kind of attachment allows to increase the area of support and provide a high knot strength.
Mount the rafters to the joists, a photo of which you will discover in the article may be carried out by the method of notching. In this case we are talking about the ordinary tooth that runs from the neck of the stud, which eliminates lateral shift under load. Under the tongue it is necessary to provide a socket, which is located in the beam. In order not to weaken her, the depth of the socket must be calculated taking into account the thickness of the beam, the first will be from 1/3 to 1/4 of the latter.
Stepping back from the edge beams 25 cm, must be cut to eliminate chipping. Double tooth is complemented by a pair of studs, lock connection and stop with spike. The latter may be without thorn. Both teeth depth of the frame should be the same, but you can optionally use the box at different depths. In this case we are talking about the case when the first tooth is complemented by a thorn. The cabin is one-third the thickness of the support beams. The second tooth is thus cut in half.
Considering ways of attaching rafters to the joists, you have to consider that the slots can't keep the rafter feet, which is the load. In addition to the notching, by means of metal fasteners necessary to fix the coupling. If we are talking about the rigid joints, the nails should be driven into a corner. It is possible to apply a metal layer or compound in the form of clamps. Mount the rafters to the joists gable roof with any technology is complemented by wrought-iron wire, which strengthens the connection and is fixed to the anchor. The latter is mounted in the wall.
The Rafters with the beam to be securely connected if you use high quality fasteners. It has to be steel elements with anticorrosive treatment, which is durable material. The gashes and notching should be performed as carefully as possible, it should not be used pads and liners, which reduce the strength of the node, and eventually become deformed or fly. It is important to use templates if there is a need to make Urubko or washed down. In the process, used truss fasteners.
The System of rafters in the frame is set according to a specific algorithm. This is due to many factors. First, the structure of wood has its geometric dimensions that may change in the process of shrinking. Secondly, the mount can affect the humidity. Be sure to check for levelness last crown to the rafters went right, and the transfer of structural loads was uniform.
The location of the rafters must be marked. If the Gables are made of timber and of logs or timbers, then they will build a ridge beam, in this case, the technology of fastening of the rafters will be different from the rigid fixation using metal corners or notching.
The Gables in the process of shrinking will change its original dimensions, decreasing the height of 15 cm Therefore, the rigid connection of rafters to the joists by the nail will cause deformation of the rafter. Resulted in the entire roof cracks are formed. To eliminate such problems when installing the rafters use the sliding attachment.
If you still haven't decided what technology to install rafters note that the connection of the feet in the ridge part becomes flexible, because the angle shrinkage of the Gables needs to change. The rafter feet are fixed with the overlap and to use this requires a bolted connection.
An alternative solution is the use of the mounting metal plates, it is important to provide clearance and to place items back to back. Rafter feet are fixed on the bottom using the groove that runs in the upper crown. The rafter should be installed with overhang, and its value will be determined in the design process. If necessary, the fastening of the rafters of the attic to the joists is carried out in such a way that the element was located at the edge of the beam, a groove is not required. Can be used option when the attachment point....
Article in other languages:
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TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/domashniy-uyut/8073-yollar-montaj-kiri-leri-ve-kiri-ler-st-ste.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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