Concrete slab: weight, thickness, length

In the construction of multi-storey buildings using different materials. However, an integral element in any such facilities are Concrete slab. Ceiling in houses made from them, ensure the reliability and safety of construction. These products are not only used in the construction of houses. Sizes of concrete slabs can be used in the device of the road network and channels for engineering systems.

Varieties

The Concrete slab are classified according to different criteria. Among them:

• Type of concrete. Plates can be made of a dense, light, heavy, silicate compounds.
• The Inner Device. Concrete slab are full-bodied (solid) or hollow (hollow).
• Thickness, width and length. The regulatory parameters are set in the Standards.
• The Way of support on beams or bearing walls. Concrete slab can be console (such products used in the construction of canopies and balconies), beam (on both sides), 3-4-sided.
• Profile section. This criterion is shared by a beveled, rectangular, ribbed plate.
• Method of manufacturing. Plates are prefabricated and monolithic.
• Production Technology. Products can be manufactured vibrating, molded, continuous method.
• Reinforcement. Plates are pre-tense, normal, relaxed.

Nuances

Needless to say, the value of the Hollow-core concrete slabs, reinforced with rebar, is significantly different from the prices on cast products. Despite the fact that the core plate can withstand less stress, they may be used in the construction of the floors. Due to voids is significantly reduced Weight of the concrete slab and, accordingly, the load on the wall. The Foundation of the structure, thus is under less stress.

The Voids are located at The length of the concrete slab. While its rate can not always be greater than the width. For plates supported on 4 sides, length is considered to be smaller in terms of size. In other products it will be the side that is not lying on load-bearing structures.

Reinforcing mesh

It is used in reinforced concrete products. Reinforcing mesh significantly increases the cost of the plates. The solution provides reliable protection of the metal rods from the aggressive effects of the environment, so they do not corrode.

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The Metal contributes to maintaining the solidity of the concrete. It takes up the tensile load. In Concrete slabs Metal fittings missing. Accordingly, they are inferior to concrete products in strength.

Monolithic slab

Articles of concrete can have a different shape. Their frame is associated with the design and is integral with it. This reduces the thickness of the walls and the flow of the concrete mix. The total cost of the materials, thus, reduced. However, the cast products have a number of disadvantages. They are as follows:

• The Period of curing of concrete in such products long enough.
• For the installation of monolithic slabs necessary formwork Assembly.

Precast concrete Concrete slab significantly reduce the time of construction of the building, as on site they are delivered already prepared. In addition, there is a significant manpower saving. For homes with a simple configuration it is better to use slabs.

The Specifics of the use of metal rods

Concrete slab with the tight valves produce one - or peddling-tense. The rods before the concrete stretch on different designs: matrix, bench stops, moulding the pallets.

When you set the strength of the solution is transferred from the efforts of rebar in the channels in the body structure or in grooves located on the outer side.

The Grip material is provided by injection of anti-corrosion coating or solution. Hollow plates made of hard reinforced, regardless of size.

Solid product

Continuous plate used for floors, is made in accordance with GOST 12767-94.

It is Worth saying that such products are used in housing construction is extremely rare, due to their greater weight. Such plates are essential when the structure is assumed to be high mechanical loads.

Options

Classification of solid plates is carried out by way of support:

• On 2 sides – 2ПД – 6ПД.
• 3-side – 3 PT-6 PT.
• On 4 sides – 1P-6P.

Thickness of the concrete slab is indicated in the numeric markings:

• 100 mm-1;
• 120 mm – 2;
• 140 mm – 3;
• 160 mm – 4;
• 180 mm – 5;
• 200 mm – 6.

The Dimensions in the plan are:

• Length – 3-6,6 m;
• Width – a 1.2-6.6 m.

Mandatory requirements

According to the state standard, in reinforced concrete slabs must be present:

• Structural elements or mortgagesdetails, made in the form of releases of rods. They are intended for docking with the metal and concrete parts of the framework.
• End-to-end channels. They are used to pass electrical wiring or other networks.
• Mounting tabs.

Standards are established standard indicators of frost resistance and water resistance of the plates, the quality and strength of materials, including metal rods. For embedded elements should not be a concrete influx. To prevent injury releases of the rods should be protected.

Attention is Paid to the appearance of products. On the surface of the plate should not be chips, cracks, deep sinks.

Hollow ware

They are characterized by high insulation, low thermal conductivity, relatively low weight and affordable cost. Both surfaces of the plate are front. When mounting the flooring becomes one of the upper floor, second – the ceiling is lower.

The Manufacture of such plates is carried out according to the norms of GOST 9561-91. The state standard provides for the classification of goods in the following groups:

1. With round holes, resting on 2 sides – PC on 3 sides – FCT, 4 – GAC.
2. Manufactured by continuous cold forming – PB.
3. Hollow, pear-shaped, resting on 2 sides – PG.

Thickness of hollow-core products 160-300 mm. Most popular size is 220 mm. Holes can be different diameter (114-203 mm). It depends on the thickness of the plate. Length products of 2.4-12 m, width – 1-6,6 m.

In these plates, as in hollow, must be additional elements, as described above. To strengthen the ends sealed with cement mortar or using another method provided by the regulations.

Ribbed plates

They are usually used in the construction of industrial buildings. Ribs provide high resistance to mechanical damage. The disadvantage of these products – unappealing appearance.

Depending on the destination plate can be mounted fins up or down. Generally spoken the second option. Plates are manufactured according to GOST. For products with a height of 400 mm, there is a state standard 27215-87 for prestressed 300 mm high – standard 21506-87.

For the production of ribbed slabs can be used light or heavy concrete. Products are applied:

• In unheated and heated rooms in open air.
• At temperatures from -40 to +50 deg. When additional requirements temperature range can be extended.
• In areas with an estimated seismicity up to 9 points.
• In a gaseous low-, medium -, or non-corrosive environment.

Classification of ribbed slabs is carried out depending on the way of support on the brackets:

• On the shelves – 1P.
• On the top of beam – 2P.

This plate 1P have 8 sizes and 2P – one. Length in the first case is of 5.05 and 5.55 a, and the width ranges from 0.74 to 2,985 m. Ribbed slabs 2P have a standard size 5,95х1,485 meters.

Prestressed products are available in three sizes. They differ in the shape and width. Length of all standard of 5.65 meters. Width L1 – 2,985, L2 – 1,485, L3 – 0,935 meters.

In the technical standard documentation sets forth the requirements for rods, bars, concrete and finished products as a whole. In addition, lists the possible tolerances. Manufacturers of concrete slabs must be strictly comply with all the requirements.

Conclusion

The Concrete slab is currently considered one of the most popular building materials. Manufactured by all the rules and in accordance with the standards they are reliable, durable, safe. They are successfully used not only for the construction of apartment houses and industrial buildings. Concrete slabs are often used in the construction of private houses.

The Concrete slab can be used at low temperatures, in harsh climatic conditions. One of the obvious advantages is easy to install. Prefabricated slabs are fixed fairly quickly with a relatively small effort. Their size allows you to cover quite a large area buildings. Difficulties may arise with the delivery of material to the construction site. For transportation we use special machines with a high load capacity. To improve the quality, durability and reliability in the production of a concrete solution are added to a special mixture.