The diamond Fund of the Kremlin. Excursion to the Kremlin. The diamond Fund of Russia

Everyone who has ever been interested in museums in Moscow, knows about the Diamond Fund of the Kremlin. A few galleries of the capital evoke such admiration and interest.

The Diamond Fund of the Kremlin is a unique collection of works of jewelry art of 18-20 centuries. His collection also presents a stunning nuggets of precious metals, examples of rare gems. Each of the items of the exhibition is of great scientific and artistic interest, as well as vast material value.

A Little history of the Museum

Collection of the Fund began to develop in the eighteenth century. Peter, taking the example of the monarchs of Europe, issued a decree stating that the treasure was stored in the Royal chambers, the property of Russian tsars are not recognized, they belong to the state, as a national treasure. After «Renteria” Petra values were stored in designated areas, and 1839 – in the Winter Palace (in the Diamond study). Jewellery and regalia of the monarchs was only given "temporary use".

Wanting the luxury of obscure foreign leaders, Russian Queens and kings the riches of his court tried to increase. Under Catherine the great and Elizabeth was made especially large contributions.

After the outbreak of the First world war, all the values randomly and hastily, without making an inventory, taken from Petrograd. They were taken to the Moscow Kremlin (Armory chamber), where they are in obscurity and spent nearly eight years.

After the October revolution, the Hermitage and treasures of the Kremlin miraculously survived. At the beginning of the last century, no country had such stock of jewels, jewelry as Russia.

Five years Later began to work of the Commission on the examination and identification of items of jewellery and applied art. Thanks to them, was confirmed by the unique artistic and historical value of the former Diamond office. In addition, the Commission noted the need to preserve and study collections intact, including it in the State store.

Recommended

Cross-domed Church. Features of origin

In this article we'll talk about where has its roots the Orthodox architecture of churches, what it stands for and on what principles, and also about how different types of temples is given.it is no secret that Christianity in Russia - not the native...

Baths of Cherepovets: a review

From year to year a visit to the baths and saunas has become increasingly popular as ideas for fun and useful pastime on the weekends. This is not surprising because in Russia a couple walked not only noblemen, but also the common people. Today the a...

The Moscow planetarium on Barrikadnaya

The Planetarium at Barrikadnaya in Moscow is one of the world's largest and oldest in Russia. This structure is included in the list of attractions of the capital. It should be said that to visit the planetarium on Barrikadnaya interesting not only f...

In Spite of this, began a clearance of relics. So, the year 1923 was the most dramatic in the entire history of the Fund. At the time of Russian jewels appeared at auction in London, Berlin, Amsterdam and Antwerp, there was a real political scandal. Then, in 1925, in the House of Unions, it was decided to open an exhibition of unsold relics returned from overseas to demonstrate their intact and whole, to hush up the scandal, thereby convincing the world in my own pay.

At this sale of Antiques and jewelry not over. From 1925-1936 he was sold most of the works with unique gems and diamonds. These masterpieces will be only in the photos, while never in Russia will not come back.

In 1967 it was opened the exhibition of the Diamond Fund. In this case, each was an interesting excursion to the Kremlin. The exhibition generated tremendous interest and has been extended several times, never becoming a Museum. Untouchable part of the state foreign exchange reserve of the country and remained subordinated to the Ministry of Finance.

In the Diamond Fund of Russia to run his hand thought it necessary that every leader of the Soviet Union. Khrushchev almost gave the cap of Monomakh, one of the emerging States, and under Brezhnev was missing one of the order set with diamonds. In 1989, the auction has sold a huge number of valuable icons.

Of Course, there were products and modern jewelers collection platinum and gold nuggets Yakut diamonds. But it is much more unique pieces went to museums and private collections of different countries. Still unknown the location of different precious creations.

The Diamond Fund of the Kremlin to date

At the moment historical part of the collection is about seventy products. The main part of the exhibition since 1967 replenished after the discovery of diamond deposits in Yakutia, as well as after the decision made by the government to send stones weighing more than fifty carat deposited in the Diamond Fund of the Kremlin.

For Museum visitors viewing the exhibition usually begins with the showcase, which contains precious minerals. This place represents a major technical and gemstones with a total weight of tens of thousands of carats. In addition to diamonds, excursion to Diamond Fund involves viewing sapphires, emeralds and other jewels and also gemstones and Ural gems. Excursions, which are daily pouring into the halls, uninterrupted flow, also stop at the exhibits “7 wonders of the Diamond Fund”. This includes diamond "Shah" (88,70 carat), which has retained its natural shape, diamond ‘Graf Orlov" (189,62 carats), previously occupying a place of honor on the scepter of the Emperor, flat unique diamond, sapphire blue (258,18 carats), as well as the large peridot in the world.

Primary among the values of the Treasury of Russia is rightfully considered the Great Imperial crown. Jeremiah pauzie court jeweler, it was manufactured in 1762 by order of Catherine II. The crown is decorated with pearls and diamonds, but her mosta valuable piece is considered a huge ruby (398,72 carats) that is included in the 7 stones of the Fund.

Many guests of the capital very interesting museums of the Kremlin. Diamond Fund for obvious reasons became one of the most visited.

Large Imperial crown

This is a crown created in 1762 by Eckart (jeweler) and pauzié (diamond maker) for Catherine II. Master sent 4936 diamonds in sterling silver, highlighting the sparkle of the lace of them two rows of large pearls matte. Noble crown pattern lovely, with filled with the deepest meaning. The grid of hemispheres a bottom support Laurel branches, which are symbols of glory and power. And between hemispheres in the figure placed garlands of acorns and oak leaves, symbolizing strength and a fortress of power. Also on the crown noble spinel, a very rare gemstone, deep red color. This is one of the most important works of art, which contains Diamond Fund of the Kremlin.

Small Imperial crown

It was established in 1856 by the goldsmith Setigerum for the coronation of Maria Alexandrovna. It is made in the likeness of the great crown; at both sides of the lattice are decorated with quatrefoils, diamond cross stands on the arc, the lower edge of the crown is decorated with 22 large diamonds. It attracts the attention of everyone who visited the Diamond Fund of the Kremlin (photo can be seen in this article).

Imperial Sceptre

It was made for Catherine II in the early 1770-ies. Materials used: diamond "eagles" gold, diamonds, enamel, silver.

Imperial Power

It was established in 1762, G.-F. Eckart (court jeweler) for Catherine II. Materials: gold, sapphire, diamonds, silver, diamond. In the early seventies of the eighteenth century it was decorated with two stones, which have changed its appearance. Between poliobraces and diamond delicate cross surrounded by diamonds was placed a huge sapphire (200 carats), and in the connection of the belt with poliobraces was a large diamond (of 46.92 carats), exceptionally clean, with a slight bluish tint to the stone. Its current form of power purchased under Paul I. Under the cross was a large sapphire, with a large diamond placed between the diamond belts.

Diamond «Shah”

This is diamond from India at 88.7 carats. Absolutely transparent, slightly brown-yellowish stone. The groove on it says that wore it instead of a talisman. Well observed 3 behalf of the owners engraved on it, as well as the dates.

«Rubin Caesar”

The Stone is a pinkish-crimson rich colors, which perfectly combines green enamel with gold leaves situated on a bifurcated stalk neatly covered with black and white enamel. The stone is faceted grape bunch.

Diamond sign with star of the order of St. Andrew

The First-time appearance of the Russian order, which was, until 1917, the highest award of the Empire. Decorated with diamond star cross steel of the highest order, complaining at the discretion of Peter I.

Excursions to the Diamond Fund

For those wishing to see the exhibition here daily guided tours, except holidays and Thursday. The work takes the form of sessions. In the Diamond Fund of the Kremlin you can buy tickets to foreigners – individual tours are conducted in different languages.

The Exposition will be of interest to all, regardless of nationality and age.