Kozelsk, Kaluga oblast: sights and photos

Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is the oldest settlement. It was founded by Slavs-Vyatichi about a dozen years ago. The settlement was burned down twice-both times during the attack of the Mongols. In the first case did Baty, who besieged the city for seven weeks. The second time it was burned by order of the Khan of Almaty several centuries later.

Kaluga oblast, the city of Kozelsk. General information

At all times the residents of the village endured the hardships that were presented to them destiny. After the two burnings Kozelsk (Kaluga oblast) was restored in spite of the enemies. In 2009, he won the award from the President of the Russian Federation. He became a City of military glory.

Features

Kozelsk (Kaluga oblast) is situated on the left Bank of Gizri. This river is a tributary of the Oka. Kozel'sk is located 72 kilometers from Kaluga. The climate here is quite mild. Weather in Kozelsk (Kaluga oblast) in the beginning of September, Sunny and warm. Air temperature-about 20 degrees during the day.

Historical information. The first references

Previously Kozelsk (Kaluga oblast) (photo of it presented in the article) was part of the Chernigov Principality. The first mention of it dates back to the early XII century. Mstislav Svyatoslavich the first Prince of Kozelsk. He died in battle with the Mongols. In the beginning of the XIII century, the city of seven weeks was defended by the troops of Batu Khan. After he was burned. Later the city became part of the Karachev Principality.

Further development

In the fourteenth century of tit Mstislavich of Kozelsk took part in the battle of Sichevska forest. In 1480 the city was included in the Lithuania. At this time he was burned on the orders of Khan Akhmat. This was done in order to take revenge on Casimir IV, who was sent to help the Horde troops for a joint campaign. In the beginning of XVIII century the city became a County town. He was then in the Moscow province. Later he belonged to the Kaluga region.

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Life in the Soviet period

In 20 years the settlement became a district center Sinichenkova district. In 1944 the city became part of the Kaluga region. During the second world war the town was occupied by the German invaders. He was later held Belevskoe-Kozelsk operation. The town was liberated by the guards cavalry corps.

Infrastructure

Kozelsk (Kaluga oblast) is a pretty small town. However, there are many places where guests can eat and stay the night. In the city there are a large number of hotel complexes. Among them:

1. "house of the pilgrim."
2. "hero".
3. "Kars".

Currently, these institutions stops a lot of tourists. Most of them come to the city to visit Optina Pustyn. If it also has a hotel complex. The city has many religious monuments.

Restaurants and cafes

In Kozelsk is a large number of such establishments. Following the example of other localities of the country, it also has its version of the cafe "Meeting". Gourmets should stop in a coffee shop "rainbow" and table "Kozelsk". Travelers can enjoy delicious dishes at reasonable prices.

Kozelsk. The Optina Hermitage (Kaluga oblast). General information

The Complex is a well-known man's monastery. Its Foundation dates back to the end of the XVI century. He later became one of the spiritual centers of Russia. In the early XX century the monastery was closed. He has long functioned as a Museum. At the end of the century the Russian Orthodox Church was returned to the monastery.

Historical background

The Monastery is located a few kilometers from the city. In 1931 on its territory started its work on the House. Gorky. After the school was reorganized by a special decree of L. Beria. Since then, there was the concentration camp "Kozelsk-1". It was sent to several thousand Polish soldiers. They were held here in the waiting period of the exchange of prisoners between the USSR and Germany. Officers had to return home. However, in the 40th year they were all executed at Katyn. During the second world war, the monastery began to function as a hospital. Later it was decided to establish check-filtration point for the soldiers who were released from captivity. In the postwar period it housed a military unit.

Modern realities

Currently, the property will be undergoing extensive work to restore the temples. Here is the revival of monastic life. Now the complex has once again become an object of pilgrimage. Every year it attracts many believers. They pray and kiss the Holy relics of Optina elders.

Sightseeing activities and attractions

Now the complex has seven temples. Among them:

1. Cathedral. It is the main Church of the monastery. Located in the heart of the complex.
2. The Temple in honor of the Kazan icon of the Mother of God. It is the largest in the complex. Its walls are decorated with numerous frescoes.
3. The Temple in honor of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God. Wasrestored more than a decade ago. In the same way as in the above, the relics of the saints.
4. The Church in honour of the PDP. Hilarion The Great. It is situated outside of the complex. The temple is located in the same building as a refectory with the hotel. Here otpevala the dead and performed rites of baptism.
5. The Temple in honor of icon of Mother of God "sporitelnitsa bread." Located in the back area.
6. The Temple in honor of the Transfiguration. The building was erected in a new place. Previously there never was a temple. There are also relics of the Saint.

Currently, the monastery is restored several temples. Some of them are already sanctified. Grove behind the monastery is the skete. Now there are living ten monks. The entrance to this place is closed to visitors.

Selection of the best route

The Monastery is located in Kaluga region, a few kilometers from Kozelsk. Buses depart from the capital every day. They depart from the metro station "Teply Stan". Each day takes about ten flights. The first bus leaves at 7:00. Some of them make a stop directly at the monastery, the rest goes to the bus station. There need to get on the bus. In transit passengers spend an average of five hours. Ticket price-450 rubles.