Seven wonders of the ancient world — particularly the popularity of the inventions and structures. This is the best monument in the history, dedicated to the creative thoughts of the rulers, rampant imagination of architects and builders craft. The imagination of people for millennia, helping to re-establish the missing elements of cultural heritage that have received the General title of “Seven wonders of the world”. The legend of the creations of human hands, disappeared from the face of the earth, continue to haunt the minds of new adventurers.
To Understand the significance for the ancient world the list of outstanding monuments easier if to draw analogies with modern ratings of the most popular landmarks and phenomena. The list of the seven wonders of the world can be considered the first and most famous in the history of the travel brochure. But the value of this small list the greatest monuments much deeper. Unfortunately, grandiose structures have not survived. Time, disaster, natural disaster and war did not spare the seven wonders of the world, or rather, 6 of 7.
The History of one of the most famous list of attractions begins in the distant past of world civilization. Perhaps the idea of travelling and sight-seeing in the land of North Africa, Persia, Babylon, and Ancient Greece arose from Alexander the great of Macedon, conquered in the fourth century BC a significant part of the then known world. From the attention of a wise commander did not escape the grandeur of conception, followed by the pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. The joint efforts of travelers, conquerors, scholars, writers of antiquity and the middle ages was composed of the description of the greatest monuments of antiquity. Considered to be one of the first lists of the world wonders worked by the ancient historian Herodotus in 450 years before the onset of a new era. Peru, a prominent scientist and poet of ancient Greece — Philo Byzantine — the manuscript belongs to the “seven wonders of the world”, which appeared around 300 BC.
In Ancient Greece the number 7 is considered magical, so the number of sites in the list remained unchanged for many centuries. The canonical seven wonders of the world — a list that has survived to modern times in the poem the ancient Greek writer Antipater of Sidon. He wrote about the luxury tombs, great temple complexes, colossal monuments, and hanging gardens.
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To the middle ages, when formed, is known in our time classic list «Seven wonders of the world”, has been preserved on the planet and was available for inspection by the Egyptian pyramids built on the West Bank of the Nile. The oldest monuments date back to the time period from 2700 to 2550 th BC Of the ten pyramids at Giza three particularly striking in their size and grandeur of construction work.
Admirable good preservation of structures experiencing several millennia searing day-time heat and night cold ringing when in the wilderness, in the words of local residents, "the stones cry”. A remarkable engineering concept and a simple form of construction appeared due to the precise measurements that were incredibly hard for its time. Besides complex calculations, for the construction required to deliver from a distance is extremely heavy blocks of stone, to raise them to greater heights.
The Great pyramid of Cheops in Egypt is the most famous wonder of the world. The Pharaoh Khufu, who ruled in 2584-2561 BC, brought to life an ambitious plan of building his necropolis on the Giza plateau. To create the pyramids and the fence around the building was given 13 hectares of land. The construction of the great pyramid is one of the earliest and clearest examples of a combination of human enthusiasm, imagination with engineering calculations. The construction of the necropolis can be called the most time-consuming historical project, given the lack of all necessary tools and construction techniques in Ancient Egypt.
The great Pyramid is massive, lots of internal rooms, halls, galleries, chambers. In addition, she was for over 3,800 years headed the list of highest structures in the world (146.7 m to year of construction). There are many interpretations and explanations related to the form and function of the great pyramid. When along the edges of the structures sliding the overpowering rays of the tropical sun, it becomes clear the idea of the ancient ruler of Egypt, wishing, like the rays to go to the divine luminary after his death.
The Beautiful gardens in the ancient city-state of Babylon was built by the great king Nebuchadnezzar II around 605, the year BC. Researchers of ancient manuscripts claim that landscaped project the ancient ruler approved at the request of one of his favorite wives, yearned for trees and grass of his native country. The hanging gardens of Babylon — the most mysterious of the wonders in the list. They are surrounded by myths and legends, the exact location of the structure is not installed, the remains of buildings have not been found.
Some researchers of the ancient world doubt the existence of such a magnificent ancient Park on a hill, located South of modern Baghdad. Maybe gardens fantasy storytellers? Historians find very little accurate information, facts,documentary evidence in the Chronicles of Babylon. But the ancient Greek poets claimed that the priests had prepared a draft of the hanging gardens, was in charge of their creation. Diodorus Siculus described multi-level gardens with a height of 22 m, equipped with machines to lift water from the nearby Euphrates river.
The Greek historian Strabo mentioned the beautiful square gardens with archways and stairs for lifting people and water to the top. The fortified brick slopes with an area of 400 m2 slaves planted trees and flowers, above a lovely garden was protected by a roof. You can understand why his contemporaries admired the hanging gardens of Babylon. In Iraq, the arid land of ancient Mesopotamia, it is very difficult to create a large manicured green spaces. In the histories of the gardens depicted are beautiful and luxurious. To achieve such perfection was not easy, this area since ancient times receives little precipitation. The gardens were destroyed by several earthquakes that took place two centuries after the reign of Nebuchadnezzar.
Was Short-lived was built around 430 BC the temple, for which the sculptor was Phidias created the statue of Zeus. In Olympia, in Greece, religious building, dedicated to the Supreme God, 10 years have built on the donations of the population. The sanctuary was built of marble, strengthened by a massive colonnade of the local limestone. The outer surface of the walls adorned with bas-reliefs, on which the sculptors have recreated the myths about the 12 labors of Hercules-the mythical hero, son of the Supreme deity. The temple can be reached through a huge bronze door.
A Significant part of the cult of the premises occupied by the statue of Zeus. In Olympia, Greece, this deity was dedicated to the ancient Olympic games. The sculpture was not created simultaneously with the construction of the temple, but over time it became the most grandiose and the most magnificent part of the temple complex. The statue of Zeus by Phidias was resting on a broad pedestal, its height together with the base was approximately 15 m. the Supreme God of Olympus sat on his throne, his robe was gilded, the decoration of ivory.
Fear for the safety of the statue forced the Greeks to move her to Constantinople, but the fire destroyed a wonderful creation. Although the monument is not preserved, it remains in the list «Seven wonders of the world”. The statue of Zeus depicted on the pictures have her model closely matches the depth of the intention of the sculptor, celebrating an ancient deity. In our time can only imagine the true greatness of this monument, the attitude of the Greeks to the God, whom they unceasingly extolled in their temples and dwellings.
Construction of a temple dedicated to the Greek goddess of hunting and wild nature, was completed by 550 BC, Ephesus miracle is often attributed to one of the most famous “protracted”: its construction lasted approximately 120 years. Contemporaries could not know that the religious building will be included in the list of “Seven wonders of the world”. The temple of Artemis (Diana) in Ephesus was a beautiful marble building. The builders have adorned his slender columns, covered with a wooden roof, which laid tiles. In this wonderful construction of his contemporaries were struck by the harmonious combination of the decoration of internal premises and the external design of the building.
The Temple, built of splendid marble, was the favorite construction from the list of wonders for the Antipater of Sidon — the originator of this famous list. Herostratus — the young Greek — burned the temple of Artemis at Ephesus (in Turkey). This event occurred in the summer of 356 BC Barbaric act was caused by a huge desire to become famous in the centuries to achieve fame. Indignant citizens sentenced Herostratus to death and forbade the mention of his name. The temple of Artemis in Ephesus began to recover already under Turkish rulers, but the ancient Shrine was destroyed again, now by the Goths. The newly restored building was finally demolished in the year 401, an angry crowd of religious fanatics led by the Archbishop of Constantinople.
One of the most recognizable ancient wonders-the Colossus of Rhodes in Greece. His appearance this grandiose monument was indebted to the ancient city-States that existed in the 2nd century to the beginning of a new era. The population and the rulers of Rhodes decided to perpetuate the memory of the victorious struggle against the one-eyed Antigone, to celebrate the lifting of the siege. The vehicles were melted down into a giant statue of the patron Saint of Rhodes-God Helios — with a height of 30 m.
It is not known when construction began, the sources of the ancient authors give different dates. The ancient historian Pliny, several centuries later, wrote that the Colossus was built 12 years. The task to cast a bronze statue of Helios-the Sun God — received by Greek sculptors. A giant monument was erected on the promontory, the fortified system of stone blocks and iron bars.
A List of “Seven wonders of the world” has lost one attraction after a strong earthquake in Greece. Colossus could not resist the power of the tremors wasdestroyed after only 56 years after her triumphant appearance in the Bay of Rhodes. The fall of the statues immediately commented on the Oracle of Delphi. Ancient psychic said that the inhabitants of Rhodes angered the God Helios. The ruler of Egypt offered their help in the restoration of the monument, but he refused.
A Giant white tomb was erected for the repose of the Governor of one of the provinces of Persia — was — on orders from his wife, who lived in Halicarnassus. It is territory of modern resort of Bodrum on the Aegean coast. The mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Turkey was built by Greek sculptors. The design was high and richly decorated inside and out. Crowned the tomb of a pyramid of 36 columns. The wife of Mausolus spared no expense on the construction of the grave, her ashes too were supposed to be in a magnificent mausoleum.
In the ancient world have appreciated the luxury of the tomb of Halicarnassus. The architectural greatness of the building and its aesthetic dignity was struck not only by Greek scholars and poets, but also of the commander of Antipater. Preserved mention in the historical Chronicles that he proposed to consider the building one of the wonders of the world. In the XV century tomb of Halicarnassus was destroyed after the next earthquake, and the stones were used for building in Bodrum. Now, when we are talking about the enormous costs of the burial, I remember king Mausolus, became the pattern for ostentatious wealth and luxury.
The lighthouse of Alexandria on island of Pharos was one of the tallest among the ancient structures and its base reached almost 400 m in length. It was the first lighthouse in history, the construction of which used a well-known at that time innovative technology. Greek architect [sostrat] created the project by order of the ruler Ptolemy II in 304 BC a warning about the dangers of entering the Bay of Alexandria by the island of Pharos in the Mediterranean sea created in stages for over 20 years. The lighthouse was to warn of underwater reefs Pharos, on which it was built.
The Design consisted of three oblong marble towers, their total height could be from 120 to 140 m. the Last part was a cylinder, on top of burning fire. The inventors have invented a method of obtaining directional solar reflection using mirrors, supplying the signal day. At night, the servants of the lighthouse were traditionally lit the fire. If the sun by day was not, sailors were warned by the pillar of smoke. For several centuries, the design was considered to be the highest artificial construction.
Several earthquakes damaged the wondrous lighthouse of Alexandria on Pharos. Sailors, soldiers, traders and travelers needed to have it restored. The Arabs, invading Egypt, started to repair and brought the height up to 30 m. this construction work was completed, and in 1480 in the same place, from the same materials, was erected the Fort. The lighthouse at Pharos stood in the sea for almost 1,000 years.
Scientists believe that more complete and accurate lists of the wonders of the world could be stored in the library of Alexandria — the most important world collection of ancient manuscripts. The vault was badly damaged during a fire caused by the invasion of Alexandria of Julius Caesar. Almost 500 thousand books and scrolls were destroyed by the flames. Disappeared huge reservoir of cultural heritage, which largely depended on the paths followed by the world history.
Seven wonders of the world — valuable monuments of ancient art and architecture. It is not only beautiful sights but also of complex construction and technical solutions. Each of the creations were unique and outstanding for its time. The rank of the wonders of ancient buildings and monuments erected the most prominent scientists, creators, rulers of the ancient world. Little has been mentioned in various sources that the list was made some changes, but remained unchanged its essence and title. The list definitely included the seven wonders how this happened since the time of Herodotus and Philo of Byzantium.
Of the amazing structures of the ancient world preserved to our days, only the pyramid of Cheops, and the rest fell under the onslaught of barbarians or victims of natural disasters. No one knows exactly how it looked six wonders of the world. All images are the fruit of historical study, reconstructions and imagination of historians and artists. Each generation brings something different to the understanding of the cultural phenomenon called “seven wonders of the world”. Each of these artifacts has a website on the Internet. Solid scientific works are devoted to studies of man-made wonders.
For 2.5 millennia, the ancient list of the main attractions of the Old world excites the minds of scholars, travelers, ordinary people. All the past century the attitude of the seven wonders of the world was almost mystical. It is surprising that the ancient authors did not show special desire to expand the "top 7", to replace the retired list of the highlights of new monuments.
Researchers of the ancient world claim thatthe attitude of the wonders of the famous list was always respectful. It was believed that the seven ancient architectural buildings and monuments are deservedly included in a short but succinct list. Each member of this historic "hit parade" has become a national Shrine, object of worship and veneration.
The Magic of number 7 in ancient times were considered divine, irrational. Mythology and life of many peoples of the world are associated with the same number of elements in the different spheres of life. For example, in the week — 7 days. The explanation may be the structure of the Solar system, or rather, how was represented the celestial sphere in Ancient Greece. To the naked eye were visible to the Sun, Moon and five planets. The same names were of ancient gods (Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Venus, mercury).
What are the seven wonders of the world could compete with the wonderful designs, disappeared from the face of the planet? On the basis of online voting was created the list of other wonders that have been preserved, and they can enjoy it firsthand. The action was organized and conducted on the threshold of the third Millennium, a non-profit organization. The initiators of this ambitious action have put forward several compelling reasons that motivated to make different lists and vaults of the world's monuments of the highest level:
The winners of the project was to be carried out separately among the monuments of architecture and nature. The results also failed twice, in 2007 and 2011. The inhabitants two hundred States participated in an online survey. Its results have been selected “favorites” — sights that most of the inhabitants of the planet. We are talking about the great wall of China, the Taj Mahal in India, the construction of Machu Picchu in Peru in South America and other phenomena. But the UNESCO Committee responded to this action by the statement that the popular vote — this is not the method that you want to use for the search of miracles, is able to replace the missing ancient artifacts of world history and culture.
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HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/travel/17963-halicarnassus-alexandria.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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