A Republic, known today under the name of Tatarstan has a rich history. The first evidence of the arrival of man on this land date back to Paleolithic times. Even then, there were the first monuments that belong to different cultures of archaeology.
With the development of crafts and the change of epochs was varied and the results of human labor. During the transition from the bronze to the iron age emerged and developed Ananyino culture, the creators of which settled on the Volga-Came. There is evidence that in the period from VIII to VII century BC in this area were tribes of the Sarmatians and of the Gorodets culture.
History of Tatarstan shows that the transition to a new era there are cultural monuments under the name “panoramska”. They are concentrated in the Lower Kama region. In the period III-IV century on this earth began to penetrate the Turkic and Ugric tribes of Siberia, which subsequently managed to oust the native population from the banks of the Kama river. This is evidenced by found Turawskie mounds, which are historical monuments. They found buried together with arms warriors. During the IV and VII centuries the main territory of the Republic of Tatarstan was inhabited by the people of the imenkov culture.
Despite the fact that the culture and economy of the state was quite distinctive, the beginning of the V-VIII centuries, the Kama is aware of the powerful influence of developing States gunii Volga and the Western Turkic Khazar Kaganate.
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History of Tatarstan mentions the existence of the Volga Bulgaria in the period of VIII-XIII centuries.
Written data preserved from those times, do not provide reliable and detailed information about this state. However, it is assumed that this included part of the territory North of the Volga region: the TRANS-Kama region, Kama area, the pre-Volga region. Some historians agree that the Northern border of Volga Bulgaria have passed along the right Bank of the Kama river, and West – along the river Sviyaga. The Eastern boundary skirted the river Sismo, while the southern was near the Samara bend. Meanwhile, some researchers are inclined to a different opinion, suggesting that the boundaries of Bulgaria were much wider.
The Next period in the history of the Republic of Tatarstan - the formation of the Kazan khanate. Its founder is the Kazan Khan – Ulu Muhammad. Capturing Kazan in 1438 and deposed Bulgarian Prince, he proclaimed the khanate and founded his dynasty. The resulting state became the legal successor of Bulgaria. Soon after, in 1552, Kazan was captured by Ivan IV, but the conquered territories were joined to the Moscow state. From this moment begins the active development of Tatarstan.
Today the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan is one of the largest cultural, political and scientific centers of Russia.
The Nature of Tatarstan contributed to the fact that this region developed and distributed tourism. In this place, confluence of two largest rivers-the Volga and the Kama. The presence of temperate-continental climate allows to develop ski resorts, which have no analogues in our country. The nature of the Republic of Tatarstan fascinates with its beauty. The view of the Kama river, amazing, and indescribable beauty of the mountain-plains scenery enchants, forcing the tourists to return again and again. Even the indigenous inhabitants never ceases to amaze the native land nature. Tatarstan leaves no one indifferent. While Sunny weather on the horizon adorn the bell tower of the Christian churches and the minaret of Muslim mosques Elabugi. A sparkling bed of the river and numerous lakes, giving a bright glow, and the famous Big Boron does not cease to please the true fans of natural landscapes.
The Nature of Tatarstan is also famous for the healing properties. The combination of steppe air, the healing microclimate of a mixed forest, rich active substances-phytoncides, mineral water sources in the aggregate contribute to the rapid recovery of the body. In this regard, for the past many years sanatoriums and health resorts of Tatarstan are actively climatotherapy.
The Nature of Tatarstan is famous for the Large emerald forest, which is well known by the painting of Russian artist I. I. Shishkin, "Morning in a pine forest». Within the Republic, it is the most diverse and rich forest. This includes such interesting logs, as a Small erchov, Raspberry, Rich, Big. These natural objects are not affected by the active human life. Here hides two centuries of giants: the beautiful fir, pine, Linden. In the Northern part of Bora is located a flexible line of small lakes, the depth of which varies from half to seven meters. These ponds are of great interest to science. In their neighborhood, grow rare species of plants listed in the Red book of Tatarstan. In the waters of the lakes and their banks can be found such representatives of the animal world, like the muskrat, too, lizard, songbirds and waterfowl, elk and deer. And this is only a small part of species of living creatures, which is rich in the nature of Tatarstan. A photo of her beauties out bright and memorable.
In order to preserve the heritage nature of the Republic of Tatarstan, the authorities founded in 1960, the Volga-Kama reserve. It is located in the district of West Predkamye, coming in Raifa and Zarlowski areas. Total area is more than eight thousand acres, much of which is forested.
Raifa isolated, is located in Zelenodolsk district, just twenty five kilometres from capital of Republic - Kazan. Mainly dominated by flat terrain, but there are large variations in the absolute heights of fifty to one hundred and forty meters. Of great interest is the Raifa lake, and dendrological garden, which grow plants from almost all continents of the planet. Here is home to fifty-five species, nearly two hundred species of birds and over thirty species of underwater inhabitants. In the area of the coastal shallow waters are incredibly rich spawning grounds.
Resources, which is rich in the nature of Tatarstan, led the Republic to second place among Russian regions in oil production. The state balance is a inventory one hundred forty five deposits which are estimated to be 1,734 billion tons According to preliminary estimates, potential reserves of natural resources are estimated at 2.7 billion tons of Total resources, which include two hundred and fifty fields, is represented by eighteen kinds of raw materials. This includes mining, construction and agrominerals. Great value is the bentonite, expanded clay, and sand mixture. They provide a significant proportion of the needs of the Republic and the country as a whole.
Republic is not only rich in reserves of minerals. Considerable interest and natural monument of Tatarstan. They are of special value. In this regard, one of the most important goals of authorities in the region – to keep to the territory of the Republic of biological and landscape diversity, unique geological features and habitats of rare species of plants and animals. This applies in particular to the representatives listed in the Red data book and threatened with extinction.
The natural Monuments of the Republic of Tatarstan include preserved natural complex “river Floodplain Kerakmas”. Scientific studies conducted in this area showed results: in the waters of this river is inhabited by twenty-seven species of fish. This includes trout, common minnow, European grayling, bullhead. They are all listed in the Red book of the Republic of Tatarstan. Besides, on the banks of the openings of the river Kirkmans seen seventy-five species of birds, seventeen of which – “red book”. The latter include a LUN field, meadow Harrier, white-tailed eagle and others. On the territory of the monument is inhabited by such rare species of flora and fauna like brittle slow worm, adder, the snake red-bellied.
The Nature of Tatarstan is rich and such reserve as Krasnoborskiy geological structure. It refers to the occurrence of the glacial period, the era of the Dnieper glaciation. A special legal status protected area allows you to keep on the territory of the natural monument unique geologic features that have ecological, and scientific value.
Within the boundaries of krasnoborskiy geological section and “the Floodplain Kerakmas» apply the prohibitions. It is impossible to carry out economic activities with potential negative impact on the monuments of nature and their inhabitants. ...
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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