The canzone is a literary genre

In medieval literature contains a variety of genres, each of which differs in its form, the metric and purpose. One of the specific genres of the era – canzona, which will be discussed in this article.

What is the canzone in the literature?

The canzone or canzonetta – the term from among the troubadours. This is probably the most versatile and popular literary genre in their works, later divided into many more sub-genres. Originally canzona – is a song about courtly love. It was common in the environment knightly-feudal lyric of Provence, and from there migrated into Italy, where it gave features, more suitable to the Italian dialect.

Significance

What does the word canzona? It comes from the noun of Provencal dialect - canso, which literally translates as “song”. Almost like the sound of that word, and in Italian, and Catalan languages that the genre of the canzone is also widely used.

Provencal canzona

Probably originally canzona – choral song to the XII century passed into the literature of the troubadours. Provencal canzona consisted of five or seven stanzas and ended several shorter stanzas - the tornadoes (from the provençal “twist”). They contained a request addressed to privy to the mystery person, send the message -- and an indication of the person, which, in fact, was addressed to the canzone. But the name of the latter is usually not known for secrecy, and used a nickname.

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By the Addressee of this song lyric could be a fine lady, or the patron of Troubadour, or close friend who is devoted to love in secret. Topics for canzone are usually served to the following: the reward of the praise of love, a story about the feelings that bloom in spring updates, coldness ladies or glorification of the object of love, the sadness of the upcoming separation with the lady.

The structure of the canzone had enough rhythmic as the poetry of the troubadours, it was designed for the performance of the work in instrumental music. In other respects, in addition to the topics and metrics, this genre is very heterogeneous. Rhymes for each song was purely individual. Besides the monologue, there is also the canzona a dialogue, or built on conversation between the author of the song and Beautiful lady, or between two troubadours. Also there is a pastoral kind of ballads called pastoral.

Italian canzone

As already mentioned, in Italy, the canzone-is the transformation of the canzone, Provencal, which the Italians altered, in keeping with the norms of their language. Among the famous authors working in this genre, we can recall Dante, Guinizelli, Petrarch, Cavalcanti. The Italian canzone differ in their philosophical and abstract character.

The Laws by which we had to focus on the works of this genre, was first formulated by Dante, and he regarded the canzone as textological genre. This is the topic of the second part of the treatise "On the popular eloquence”. In it the poet mostly talks about the specifics of the creation of a work – it should consist of an introductory and a main part which in turn can break up into smaller ones. Dante says almost nothing about the required rhyme among the stanzas and rhythm, so in Italian literature one can find a variety of versions of the canzone, but the most common were songs from odinnadcatiletnij size. Stanza in Italian, and provençal variant follow each other without the use of refrains and chorus – this feature is peculiar to the more ancient song genres.

In Italy there are two branches of the genre of ballads – sextina, which is considered the inventor of the Troubadour Arnaut Daniel, and the sonnet, which appeared in Sicily in the thirteenth century and elaborated in the works of Dante and especially of Petrarch.

Fate canzone

The genre of the canzone is gradually disappearing from use when you start to leave the traditions of chivalry, and the theme of the work becomes irrelevant. His last Renaissance canzona receives in the works of petrakiev the 16th century and then permanently freezes.

In the 20th century interest in this literary genre appears again in connection with the arisen interest in the work of the troubadours. Then their poetry has ceased to be viewed through the prism of romanticism, trying to learn the spirit of courtly poetry. During this period to the style of the canzone began to turn the Russian Silver age poets, such as Valery Bryusov and Vyacheslav Ivanov, but the genre has not caught on due to the fact that too is not consistent with reality.

Canzona music

In addition to the definition of the word canzona in the literature, there is no such genre in music – it was common in Italy of the XVI century as a polyphonic piece, designed for instrumental ensemble or solo. It was originally a French transcriptions of polyphonic songs, then began to appear the original Italian work.