Theatre in Russia in the 18th century: history and people

From time immemorial, our country prospered theater. Clowns entertained the people with songs and dances, and also played the funny scenes. At fairs people touted showman. And in the squares street performers sang, danced and recited to entertain people.

Two branches of art

The Theatre in Russia in the 18th century developed in two directions. Folk art has continued the tradition of buffoons. The presentation was arranged under the open sky or in a special room – farce.

The Performances the court theatre was first documented during the reign of Mikhail Romanov – the founder of this dynasty on the Russian throne. The initiator of the new entertainment was the boyar Artamon Matveyev. This man did a lot for Russia's statehood. He was the head of the Embassy of the order – the Ministry of foreign Affairs at the time. Artamon Matveev often traveled abroad. He was deeply fascinated with the culture of many countries and had tried to instill in the European tradition. Artamon Matveev is considered the first Westerner.

The Founder of dramaturgy and direction

The Theatre in Russia in the 18th century would not have been possible without this multi-faceted man. On his behalf was organized by the professional troupe. And the first play shown in Russia, was the biblical story of Ahasuerus. For the Royal entertainment had built a separate room. The Emperor liked the idea, and its author rewarded. So who was the first Russian playwright and Director? History has preserved his name. It lived in Moscow, the German Johann Gregory.

New game caught on very quickly. In many wealthy homes of the time there were theatres. The actors were as free men and serfs.

Epoch

The Theatre in Russia in the 18th century is associated with the name of Peter the great. During his reign the arts flourished. Peter was often invited to the Russian foreign touring troupe. They not only showed new performances, but also carried progressive ideas, inspiring Russian authors. Peter built a theater on the red square. Later it was destroyed.

The Theatre in Russia in the 18th century developed not only in Moscow but also in St. Petersburg. At the court of Anna Ioannovna opened restaurant with Russian actors. Pieces for him he wrote the famous playwright Alexander Sumarokov.

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Further development

When Elizabeth appeared the so-called Imperial theatres. These government agencies exist at the expense of the Treasury. Director of the Imperial theatre on Vasilevsky island was Sumarokov.

The Theatre of the 18th century, Russia continued its development during the reign of Catherine the Second. At her court he worked for several professional theatre companies. A special position was occupied by Italian Opera singers. Worked and a Russian dramatic troupe. In this period, the theatre ceased to be merely a Palace entertainment. The city has opened public places of entertainment, which employs both Russian and foreign artists.

The works of Ivan Dmitrievskogo

18th century Theatre in Russia knows the names of famous entrepreneurs: Titova, Belmonte, Medox. At this time, continue the existence of the landlord of the troupe in the provinces, where they play serf artists. The fine actor was Ivan Dmitrevsky. He had a distinguished career. In the first professional Russian troupe Volkova young Dmitrevsky played female roles. He later became the main actor of the Imperial theatre on Vasilievsky island. For professional development Catherine II sent Dmitrievskogo abroad. In Paris he studied the game, the famous tragedian of Lecain, and in London saw performances with the participation of the great Garrick. Returning to Petersburg, dmitrewski opened a drama school. He later became chief inspector of the Imperial entertainment facilities.

Main development trends

The Theatre in the 18th century in Russia can be briefly described as classical. This direction prevailed in Europe in the 17th century. Beyond classicism gave way to a more democratic work of the Enlightenment. Russian art of the 18th century tended to be rational, genre hierarchy and strict rules. Plays strictly divided into tragedy and Comedy. Mixing them is not allowed.

Theatre and music of the 18th century in Russia were inextricably linked. Opera has become perhaps the most popular form of entertainment. Italian singers appeared at the court of Anna Ioannovna. The first libretto in Russian written by Alexander Sumarokov. Classical Opera like drama, gravitated to the strict division of genres. Tragic works were written in Italian tradition and distinguished sublime music. Comedy, considered a minor genre, was connected with the Russian tradition of the fair booth. The distinguishing features of these fun operas – spoken dialogue and singing musical numbers. Works for theater composers wrote Sokolowski, Pashkevich, Bortniansky. The Opera was performed in French and Russian languages.

New developments

The 18th and 19th century Theatre in Russia developed in the mainstream of the Enlightenment. In 1782saw a stage Comedy Denis Fonvizin “Minor”. A satire on contemporary Russian society for the first time was so ably shown by the author. The characters upper class of the time Fonvizin was described with remarkable accuracy. Evil agents, her stupid husband and son Mitrofanushka brought him fame during his lifetime. The wise reasoning of starodum that were among about honor and dignity and is of concern for viewers. In spite of the conventionality of the characters, they have the sincerity and expressiveness. Play Fonvizin read Pushkin, Gogol, and other writers. It is admired by many generations of viewers. “Minor” and today takes pride of place in the repertoire of the leading theaters in the country. This work is inscribed in Golden letters in the history of Russian literature.