Stanyukovich Konstantin Mikhailovich: biography, creativity

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2018-03-19 10:06:11

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In Russian literature, this name is inextricably linked with the genre of the marine industry. It has become almost a commonplace statement that in the Russian art there are two a consummate singer of the sea, equal in talent: painting-Ivan Aivazovsky, in the literature – Stanyukovich. Konstantin came from a sort of hereditary seamen.Stanyukovich Konstantin it would Seem, what else could he write, he successfully began a career naval officer, when he felt the craving for literary creativity? Meanwhile, his main subject he found far not at once.

The Son of an Admiral

He was born in 1843 in the city that symbolized the naval glory of Russia-Sevastopol. Father – Admiral Mikhail Stanyukovich – he held the post of military Governor and commandant of the Sevastopol military port. “formidable Admiral”, will call him later son, the writer, believed the marine service, the best thing for men, a strict military system – the correct way of life and for your family. The descendant of an ancient noble Polish-Lithuanian family of Stankovica, he had an iron will and a strong character. Seamanship was an ancient family tradition: even his wife Lyubov Feodorovna was the daughter of a naval officer.

The Dynasty must continue – this was convinced Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin, since childhood, a former brisk and clever child, was in this respect, the main hope of the father. He took measures for the initial education of a son, holding to him as a mentor and as a home teacher, well-educated, came from St. Petersburg intelligentsia Ippolit Matveyevich debu. He was exiled to service as an ordinary soldier, after serving his exile. Reference was the alternative to the death penalty in the case of the Petrashevsky circle (1949) – liberal circle of young socialists under the leadership of Mikhail Butashevich-Petrashevsky, where ally debu on the mug was Dostoevsky. Debu did not inspire his ten-year disciple of his radical views, but instilled in him a taste for good literature.

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The Medal for defense of Sevastopol

In 1853 the Crimean war began, which became a symbol accumulated in Russia the social problems related to incompetent policy of the autocracy, smothering the hopes of the advanced sections of the people on reforms expected after the victory in the war of 1812. This will then translate into a revolutionary movement of the 1860s, the effects of which will not escape and Stanyukovich. Konstantin will sympathize with reformist ideas, but for now he's 11 years old, and he watches the approaching Sevastopol Anglo-French troops.

During the defense of the city of Constantine is with his father and often performs the duties of a courier, delivering medications to the dressing station, etc. his eyes watches the heroism of Russian sailors and the tragedy of the surrender of the city, sees the legendary leaders of the defense – admirals Kornilov and Istomin. When after the evacuation of the besieged black sea fleet base in 1856 he transferred to the St. Petersburg page corps, he received there medals ‘In memory of the Eastern war” and “For the defense of Sevastopol». At the request of his father, dreams of a naval career of his son, in 1857 Stanyukovich becomes a cadet of the Marine corps.

End the officer's career

By the early 1860s, he was already infected with a passion for words. In 1859 the magazine “and the flower" with his first publication - a poem “Retired soldiers”. A year between Konstantin and father when a conflict breaks out, marked the beginning of coldness in their relationship that ends after a while complete rupture. The son announces his decision to transfer to a civilian educational institution – the University of St. Petersburg, which sharply objected to the Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin would be forced to travel the world on the Corvette "Kalevala" which crew he will be at his father's insistence in the autumn of 1860.retired soldier

The Old sailor hopes for a strong ocean wind head of his son cleared of nonsense and dynasty naval Stanukovicha will continue. But for Konstantin, participation in a three-year tour around the world – the only way to gain new knowledge and experiences for his writing. And she has already begun: the popular edition of "the Sea collection" publishes articles and essays from the masters stanyukovicha, and in his spare time, he tirelessly writes down his impressions of what he saw and heard.

Retirement

In 1864, Midshipman Stanyukovich, overcoming the active opposition of his father, dismissed from the Navy. The beginning of a new life is not easy. He begins an active cooperation with the various editions of – “Voice”, “St. Petersburg sheet”, “Alarm”. “the Sea collection" published the story of Constantine stanyukovicha “Storm”. But soon follows his marriage to the love of Nikolaevna Artseulova, then the birth of her first daughter, and the young writer faced with the task worthy of material support of the family. To this end, he several times entered the service in the various departments.Konstantin Stanyukovich biography

In the creative plan for stanyukovicha the search continues for the style and main themes. Although his experiences of naval service, published in book form in 1867 under the name “trip” was met with interest, it is more and more imbued with the desire to write on socio-political issues. He feels the rightness of the ideas expressed by the masterminds of the increasing strength of the revolutionary movement, especially its radical wing-populism. One time he even works as a teacher in a primary school in one of the villages of Murom district.

The Editor of “Matter”

Gradually the nautical theme fades into the background. Since 1872 Stanyukovich begins to actively work in the magazine “Business”, and since 1877 has in every publishes his articles and feuilletons. Among them «Letters of a noble foreigner” and “Pictures of social life" that bring Stanukovicha known harsh criticism of Russian reality after the reforms of 1861. Similar topics novels “Pool” and “Two brothers”, released at the beginning of 80-ies.knave of hearts

In 1880, Stanyukovich became one of the editors of the “Business”, and three years later – its chief editor. He already has a certain weight and prestige among the supporters of revolutionary change, and the official authorities and the police authorities characterized as ‘personality anti-government way of thinking”.

The Arrest and exile

In the early ' 80s, the writer several times in travels abroad in connection with the illness of the eldest daughter. There he meets a group of political emigrants from Russia, including the radical clerics, among whom were the people - direct participants in and organizers of terrorist attacks against prominent tsarist officials – S. krawczynski, V. Zasulich and others.

It could not pass unnoticed by the police, especially after the assassination on 1 March 1881 Alexander II, and in April 1884 Stanyukovich was arrested and placed in the casemates of the fortress. It happened during the writer's return from abroad, quite unexpectedly, and the family for some time did not know about his whereabouts. A long inquiry, which ended after a year.American duel

Rebirth

In 1885, the writer sent for three years to Siberia under police surveillance and lives in Tomsk. Here was the birth of the great writer-the marine painter. He works hard, creates and works with descriptions of Siberian life, but the main theme of his novels and short stories becomes the life of the sailors.

There are his famous masterpieces from the book “Sea stories”: “Man overboard!”, “On stones”, “Escape”. Readers and progressive critic noted that the prose stanyukovicha fascinating not only by the sea of romance, precision and accuracy in the smallest details, but also humanistic character, fairness, attention to the common man.

“He not only felt he lived the marine life”

After returning from exile in 1888 stanyukovicha expect in the capital of the enthusiastic reception caused by the loud success of his "Sea stories". About his book positive and professional sailors, and writers. First like a masterful display of hard marine life, the second is clear and distinct language, amazing novelty items! Such stories as “Man overboard!”, “their”, “the Death of the Hawk”, etc., was noted for the accuracy of the human characters, the truthfulness of the actions, determined by the complexity of life circumstances. They are real people, the significance of which does not depend on origin or education.man overboard

Positive comments about the stories stanyukovicha was placed in the publications of different political views. ...


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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