Boris Pasternak - biography, life and work

Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich, whose biography is presented in this article is among the few masters of the word, was one of the most coveted awards-the Nobel prize.

Biography of the poet

Boris Pasternak, a photo of which is presented in the article, was born in Moscow in 1890. The family of the poet was creative and intelligent. Mother – pianist, father was a famous painter and academician. His work has received high praise, and some were even purchased by the famous philanthropist Tretyakov for his Museum. Leonid Pasternak was friendly with Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy and was one of his favorite illustrators.

Also the firstborn of Boris, the family subsequently appeared three more children – a younger son and two daughters.

Early years

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, poems which were not yet written, since the birth was in a wonderful creative atmosphere. His parents house was always hospitably thrown open to the distinguished guests. Besides Leo Tolstoy, there were composers Scriabin and Rachmaninoff, the artists Levitan and Ivanov, and many other creative people. Of course, meeting with them could not fail to affect the future. The biggest influence on him Skryabin, under which 13-year-old Boris for a long time seriously studied music and planned on becoming a composer.

He Studied Boris Pasternak (biography of the poet includes this fact) perfectly. He graduated from the fifth Moscow gymnasium, in which two classes below he studied Vladimir Mayakovsky. Simultaneously, he studied at the composition faculty of the Moscow Conservatory. He graduated gymnasium brilliantly – with a gold medal and the highest scores in all subjects.

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Hard choices

Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich, biography which later will be expanded even not a hard choice, after graduation, was forced to take the first, very painful decisions-to leave a career of the composer. He himself in his biography later explained that he did so because it did not have perfect pitch. The nature of the future poet was already pledged commitment and great performance. If he started something, it was adjusted to perfection. Therefore, a very loving music, but understanding that you will not be able to achieve in this profession need to perfection, Pasternak, in his words, “ripped”.

In 1908 he entered the Moscow University, first at the law faculty, but a year later changes his mind and translated the philosophy Department. As always, Pasternak was a brilliant student and in 1912 continued his studies at the University of the city of Marburg. He was promised a good career as a philosopher in Germany, but he suddenly decides to devote himself not philosophy, and poetry.

Creative ways

A Taste in poetry, he started late, about 1910. Poems by Boris Pasternak of the period, according to the memoirs of Sergei Bobrov and colleagues of the poet to work together in poetry circles, absolutely childish in form, tried to accommodate the huge content.

Visiting with a family in Venice in 1912 and the failure of his girlfriend have Boris a strong impression. This is reflected in his early poems of the period.

On his return to Moscow he begins to participate in reading circles "Musaget” and “Lyrics”, speaking his poetry. In the years it attracted such trends in poetry, as futurism and symbolism, but later he prefers not to enter into any literary Association, and to be independent.

1913–1914 was for Pasternak rich on events in the creative life. Was first published several of his poems, and in 1914 he published the first collection of “the Twin in the clouds”. But all this he believes so far only attempt at writing as dissatisfied with the quality of their works. In the same year he became acquainted with Vladimir Mayakovsky. Pasternak as a poet fall under its influence.

The Birth of a poet

The creative Process – a thing altogether inexplicable. Someone creates easy, as if amused, the other carefully hones each sentence and achieve excellence. To the latter belonged to Boris Pasternak. Poetry for him – this is not only a great gift, but hard work. Therefore, only published in 1922 a collection of “Sister – life”, he believes the beginning of his literary career. Poems by Boris Pasternak, included in it, was written in the summer of 1917.

Fruitful 1920-ies

The Beginning of 1920-ies was marked by several important events. In 1921, the poet's parents emigrate to Germany in 1922 and Boris Pasternak, a biography which contains many interesting facts, married Yevgenia Vladimirovna Lourie. After a year, they have a son Jack.

The Work of Boris Pasternak in these years successfully – in 1923 appears a collection of "Themes and variations” and two of the famous poem – “Lieutenant Schmidt” and “Nine hundred and fifth year”. They became the literary event of the year and received the highest rating by Maxim Gorky.

The Poet and Soviet power

The Beginning of 1930-ies-the time of recognition of Pasternak's power. His works are reissued annually, the poet in 1934, delivers a speech at the first Congress of the Union of writers. It is actually called the best poet in the country. But the government does not forget thatthe poet had the courage to stand up for arrested relatives of the poetess Anna Akhmatova, defended Mandelstam and Gumilev. She doesn't forgive anyone. Not escaped this fate and Boris Pasternak. A short biography of the poet says that by 1936, the year it virtually eliminated from official literary life of the country, blaming the wrong ideology of detachment from life.

Translations of Pasternak

It So happened that Pasternak as translator known, no less than as a poet. It is called one of the best masters of poetic translation. Who but he, a fine poet, could better than others to feel the work of another Creator?

Because of the negative attitude of the authorities in the late 1930-ies, the poet is left without income. His works have not been republished, money sorely lacking, and Pasternak refers to the translations. In respect of the poet had its own concept. He believed that a translation – self-same artwork as the original. And here he came with all his meticulousness, desire to make everything perfect.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, poems and translations which was included in the Golden Fund of Russian and foreign literature, began translating in 1918. Then he dealt mainly with the work of German poets. His major work began in 1936. He goes to the cottage in Peredelkino, and working hard on translations of Shakespeare, Goethe, Byron, Rilke, Keats, Varlena. Now his work is appreciated on an equal footing with the original works.

Pasternak's translations – is not just the ability to feed your family, but also a kind of method to realize himself as a poet in terms of harassment and refusal to print his works. Boris Pasternak we owe the magnificent translations of Shakespeare that have long been considered the classic.

War and postwar years

The injury of the writer in childhood, did not allow him to mobilize to the front in world war II. But to stay away, he couldn't either. Having finished military courses, he was sent to the front as a correspondent. Upon returning home in Peredelkino, he creates a cycle of Patriotic poems.

The years after the war – a time of hard work. Parsnips much translates as this is his only income. Poetry in the postwar years, he writes a little – all of his time to translations and work on a new novel.

In these years we have another Titanic work of the poet – translation "Faust" Goethe.

«Doctor Zhivago» – the pinnacle of creation and a favorite poet

This book was the most important and favorite work of the poet. Ten years went to her Boris Pasternak. «Doctor Zhivago» – largely autobiographical novel.

Getting started – 1945. At this time, the prototype of the main female character of the novel was the writer's wife Zinaida Neuhaus. After the appearance in the life of Pasternak by Olga Ivinskaya, who was his new Muse, his work on the manuscript went faster.

The novel – the most important and favorite child of the poet, create a long – 10 years. This is actually the autobiography of the writer, the true story of the events in the country since the beginning of the century and ending the terrible war. For this honesty «Doctor Zhivago" and was flatly rejected by the government, and Boris Pasternak, a biography which holds the events of this difficult period, was subjected to this harassment.

It is Difficult to imagine how hard it was to make a General condemnation, especially from peers.

In the Soviet Union in publishing the book was denied because of the controversial opinion writer for the October revolution. Roman appreciated only abroad. It was possible to publish in Italy. In 1957 «Doctor Zhivago» Pasternak saw the light and instantly became a sensation. This work is in the West received rave reviews.

1958 – date amazing. The award of the Nobel prize – for the poet and the greatest joy in high recognition of his talent by the world community, and real grief due to renewed with a new force of persecution. It was offered as a punishment to expel, to which the poet answered that he must think himself without a country he can't. The bitterness of that period Pasternak clearly and firmly described in the poem "Nobel prize”, written in 1959. From the awards he had to give, and for this verse, published abroad, he was almost charged under article «treason». Saved by the fact that the publication occurred without the consent of the Secretary.

Boris Pasternak – short poems

If we talk about the early work of the poet, it is strongly felt the influence of symbolism. Very complex rhymes, strange images and comparisons typical of this period. Dramatically change the style of Pasternak in the war years. Poems like acquire the ease and ease of reading. They quickly and easily remembered, and just nice to read a row. This is especially true of short poems of a poet such as “Hops”, “Wind”, “March”, “hamlet”. The genius of Pasternak is that even in the smallest of his verses contain great philosophical meaning.

Boris Pasternak. Analysis of the poem ‘July»

The Poem belongs to the late period of creativity of the poet. It was written in 1956, when Pasternak had a rest in summer at the dacha in Peredelkino. If in the early years, he wroteelegant poems, then later they receive a social dimension and a favorite theme of the poet – understanding of the continuity of the world of nature and man.

«Jul" is a vivid example of landscape lyrics. The title of the work and its theme is identical. What is the main idea I wanted to convey to the reader Boris Pasternak? July – one of the most beautiful summer months, causing a sincere admiration of the author. And its lightness, freshness and charm, he wants to describe.

The Poem consists of two parts. The first part creates an atmosphere of mystery – who is the one guest who got into the house? The house, a Ghost, a Ghost that runs, sports and sneaks?

In the second part of the secret of the mysterious guest revealed – is a mischievous-July, a month mid-summer. The poet humanizes July, using impersonation: the house, the unkempt Restrepo, tenant visitor.

A Feature of the poem is the author's use of vivid visual images: July «rips the tablecloth off the table”, “runs in the whirlwind of draft».

The poet's life

Boris Pasternak, whose biography cannot be complete without the story of his family, was married twice. As a creative person, living emotions, he was an enthusiastic person. Not enough to stoop to trivial cheating, but to remain faithful to one beloved woman he could not.

The First wife of the poet was charming Evgeniya Lurye, a young artist. They met in 1921, and that meeting the poet considered it symbolic. At that time Pasternak finished the work on the story “Childhood Grommet”, the heroine whose name was Eugene, and I just saw in the girl her way.

Eugene became a real Museum of the poet. Subtle, gentle, delicate and at the same time, purposeful and independent, she caused him extraordinary elation. In the first years of marriage Boris Pasternak was probably the first time happy. First, strong love had smoothed all difficulties, but gradually the hard life of the poor 20-ies began to interfere in marital happiness. Eugene wasn't the perfect wife, she also wanted to realize myself as an artist and a family care Pasternak had to take on.

In 1926 between him and Marina Tsvetaeva begins a long correspondence, which is just crazy jealous wife of the poet. It does not stand up and went to her parents Pasternak in Germany. In the end she decides to abandon the desire to realize myself as an artist and devotes her life to the care of her husband. But the poet had already met his second future wife Zinaida Neuhaus. He was already forty, her – 32 years old; she is married and is raising two boys.

Neuhaus is the complete opposite of Eugene Lourie. She was completely dedicated to his family, was very economic. It was not the subtlety that were characteristic of the first wife of the poet. But Pasternak first sight fell in love with this woman. The fact that she is married and has children, it did not stop. Now his life he only saw her.

In 1932 he divorced Eugenia, and married Zinaida. After parting with his first wife, he all the years before his death, helped her and her son and supported relationships.

With his second wife Pasternak was happy too. Caring, shopping, she tried to provide him comfort and peace and was also for the poet's Muse. The second marriage was born a son, Leonid.

Family fortune lasted, as in the first marriage, a little more than 10 years. Pasternak increasingly began to stay at the dacha in Peredelkino and more and more estranged from his wife. One day in the editorial office «New world”, he met working there editor Olga Ivinskaya. She was the last Muse of the poet.

Several times they tried to leave, because to leave his wife parsnip is not wanted, it meant a lot to him, and the poet could not afford so cruel to do that to her.

In 1949, Ivinskaya was arrested and sent to camps for 5 years in connection with Boris Pasternak. And he all these years taking care of her elderly mother and children, providing money. The gift of this difficult time had passed – in 1952 the poet was admitted to the hospital with a heart attack.

After the return of Olga became the unofficial Secretary of Pasternak – it conducts all of its business, communicates on his behalf with revisions, has been republishing his works. Until the end of the poet's life, they will not leave.

Recent years

There is No doubt that it unfolded around the poet's bullying greatly undermined his health. Transferred in 1952 a heart attack also made itself felt.

In the Spring, in early April 1960, Pasternak fell ill with a serious illness. No one imagined that he had cancer that had already metastasized to the stomach. In early may, the poet realizes that the disease is fatal, and he gets better. 30 may Boris Pasternak dies. All this time at his bedside was his wife Zinaida, who survive her husband of 6 years and died from the same disease. The poet and all his family buried in the cemetery in Peredelkino.

The Work of the famous Russian poet, writer and translator Boris Pasternak will be remembered in world literature. Its peculiarity as a poet – picturesque expressive style and amazing imagery of the poems.