Breeds of dairy goats: the description, photo. Breeding goats

The Goat is an unpretentious, clean, very comfortable and profitable animal for the household. Of course, it needs the conditions of detention, care and attention, even the fulfillment of some desires, for which she will pay a hundredfold with the owner. Healing milk, tasty meat — that's what the dairy goats. Breeding them is a laborious, but simple, fast-payback. The costs of food, the stall is much less than in the cow. Take care of them easily, much time is not required. To observe the behavior of the goats interesting. Kids love to play with kids - it's a real circus.

Goat feed and cure

Goat milk - nutritional and dietary analogue of the female breast. In it compared to cow more protein, calcium and phosphorus - “building material" of the skeleton and teeth, it fatter, and most importantly, hypoallergenic. Therefore, there is no better product than milk goat for children iskusstvennym, for people Allergy perceiving a cow. In the old days, when there were mixtures, to which resort is now for feeding infants, infants fed goat's milk. Also speak approvingly of it older, experiencing problems with digestion. Animaloterapiya (healing with animals) recommends that you have a goat suffering from hypertension, graves ' or cholelithiasis. Milk and communicating with the pet is capable to cure these diseases.

For an example of the usefulness of goats walking is not necessary. Remember Robinson. With goats he was fed, clothed and shod, communication with them brightened the long years of loneliness in a foreign land. Goat milk is traditionally called ‘poor cow". But in recent years, goat milk is valued more than a cow, yet it's rarely found on sale.

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Numerous people

Kozy - one of the first Pets with a great experience service man - 9,000 years. Productive direction, they are divided into 5 groups: fur, feather, meat, dairy and mixed (wool, feathers, meat and milk). On every continent there are representatives of small tribe for different purposes. In Southeast Asia, mainly grown for meat goats in the Altai mountains frolic down. In Europe mainly bred breeds of dairy goats. They contain not only the population for milk and for cooking from it. There are a lot of goat breeding farms supplying raw materials to the company of the food industry. Other specialty is the breeding of goats for sale. Continue Breeding experiments to improve milk quality and Constitution of animals, the development of new species.

Consider the breed of goats milk is the most productive and more adapted to cold winters than the African Nubian goats. It is saranskie, toggenburgs, Alpine (Swiss, French, British), Mingrelian and Gorky dairy goats. Photos of each representative is accompanied by a list of exterior characteristics, characteristics of productivity.

Saranskie goats

Common and the most prominent breed of dairy goats - saranskie. Their homeland - the valley Sanistal in Switzerland. The breeding of the breed in Alpine meadows with a wonderful climate lasted for several centuries. First exhibited in Paris in 1856 under the name of white hornless goat zaranska. Gradually the breed spread in European countries, which was exported to improve milk yield of local goats.

The world's largest goats: breeding of the uterus during the height 75-80 cm (85 sometimes), their live weight of 60 kg (some individuals 90 kg); box-accordingly, a height at the withers 82-86 cm weigh 70 kg (some 100 kg). Newborn goat on average 3 kg, goats — more than 4 lbs. In 2 months their weight reaches 10 kg in goats and 12 kg for goats. Yearling goats at 30 kg goats 35-40.

Exterior saranskoy goats

Appearance - a sample of the goat dairy. The Constitution of the tight or tender, firm, the backbone (skeleton) sturdy with moderately developed muscles. Leather is durable and thin, covered with spine without the fluff of the undercoat. Head dry medium, hornless, lugs “horns” is directed forward and a little to the side. The long flat neck, sometimes with a “them”. The trunk is deep, long and wide enough. Legs are strong, correctly set. The hoof is light yellow. The suit white. On the skin of the ears, udder sometimes black pigmentation in patches. A good supply spherical - or pear udder with well-developed nipples.

Lactation up to 330 days a year. Yalova goats are milked continuously for several years. The yield of milk from more than 600 liters per lactation when milk fat not less than 4%. Record 3507 l is not yet defeated. Dairy goats should be kept away from goat-manufacturer, otherwise the milk will be unpleasant taste and smell.

Saranskie goats are prolific, early ripening and hardy. In the absence of cognate coverage purebred traits are passed to offspring in full.

Goat from Toggenburg

In the 18th century the Swiss method of national selection created toggenburg breed of goats. Over the next 3 centuries by crossing this breed with the local breeds in different countries withdrawn brownCzech, noble toggenburgs, British toggenburgs goats. In Russia single toggenburgs goats first came to the beginning of the last century.

The exterior of the rocks stands a brown suit, but there are spotty animals. Toggenburgs goats are recognized by well - pronounced characteristic white markings: 2 lanes, parallel on the face, rim of ears at the edges, the lower part of the tail and legs from the hooves up to the hock is also white. The Constitution is firm and dry, the trunk is harmonious conformation with a height of 0.6 m, an elongated head on a long neck. Direct slightly flat profile. Toggenburgs hornless goats, goats with horns, but there are also hornless. Straight back, protruding ribs. Strong limbs of moderate length, set correctly, hooves strong sustainable. The sacrum is broad, the udder is large. Silky hair, across the back and hips grows up to 20 cm manufacturers up to 70 kg, females up to 55 lbs.

Toggenburg breed of goats are prolific (litter kids usually 2-3), easy acklimatiseras for winter and mountainous conditions, prefers cool in summer and shade, but demanding of diet feeding, which determines the taste of milk.

Lactation of 300 days a year. Milking the first kozlany 500 l, followed by the milk yield and lambing we grow to 1000 l without reducing the volume in the winter. The fat in milk is 3-4%. Cheese excellent taste.

Goats of the Alpine breed

Breeding animals of this breed began in the mountain regions of Switzerland using traditional breeding. Then, breeding was continued in France and England. There were exported to the Swiss Alpine goats and crossed with local breeds.

General "Alpine" features

Animals of large size: aged 4 years in goat withers height is 76 cm and weighing 61 kg, jerk - 81 cm and 77 kg. long Neck, dry head with erect ears, straight profile. There are hornless and horned. Milk yield and fertility is high, from 1200 to 1600 litres of milk per year with good feeding conditions, a few kids in a single lambing. Delicious milk, fat (5.5%) and nutritional (protein 3%).

Alpine goats are simple to the diet to adapt to new climatic conditions fast in a herd tend to become leaders (need to follow, not to beat others from the feeders), understanding, kindness, friendly. Alpine breed goats milk is indispensable in mountainous terrain - they are graceful and nimble, true «climbers» and will get their food where no one can climb up the cow, and in the evening bring the milk to the owner. Of course, the yield will be smaller, but what is useful is created from medicinal plants. These goats are suitable for housing.

Color Difference

The Swiss engaged in breeding Alpine goats, joking that every time they get kozlany “mixed colors gift” - those colored kids are born. Classic colors are “white neck” head to mid-torso white and the rest gray or black, or "red neck" of the brown head-neck-shoulders and black color back. There is mottled (white spots on a black background and Vice versa), brown with black spots, brown with black stripe on the ridge and black legs. There are goats - from head to mid-torso black and then to white tail.The pure white color and brown for breeds Alpine goats are not considered — this color is typical for saranskoy and toggenburgs rocks.

Varieties of the Alpine breed

French Alpine dairy goats, a photo of women which to the reader are located on the slopes of the French Alps of the best local breeds crossed with thoroughbred shveicarskie goats. Adapted to mountain conditions. The suit is different - white, speckled, color chamois. Come in with horns and without them. The average productivity of 900 l from lambing to lambing. In France, some farms keep livestock in 1000 goats. Selection work carried out to improve milk composition and the suitability of the animal to machine milking.

The British Alpine breed, often called black toggenburgs, was in the beginning of the last century in England. A pure black suit with a white “Swiss marks” - stripes on the face, edging of the ears, "stockings" feet, “odbojka” at the bottom of the tail. The goat is tall and slender, lightweight, long head on a graceful neck, erect ears are slightly pointed forward. Daily milk yield up to 4.5 l

Dairy goat Breed in Russia

Is a Decent example of Gorky goat. The story of the breed is uncertain. But we know that her ancestors were the Russian white dairy goats and foreigners-Sabanci introduced in the beginning of the last century in Nizhny Novgorod province, called in Soviet times, Gorky, and why the name of the breed. Currently, these goats contain the population and economy of the peasants-farmers in Nizhny Novgorod region. Among native Russian breed is considered the best by the efforts of the people'sbreeders continue to develop in the direction of milk production.

Exterior Gorky goats is similar to saranskoy, but the animals are slightly smaller in size and weight: goats and 50 kg heavier goats - 60 kg live weight. Characteristic white suit with short hair and undercoat to 10% down. In different parts of the body wool of different density and length. Fertility is good: normally goat brings the goat for 2, but there are cases kozlenev 4-5 kids.

Lactation up to 10 months per year, with an average nadawanie during this time at 500 HP With good care the yield reaches 1,000 liters and more. Kozlenev after six months, daily milk yield hold in the same volume, then much reduced.

From the goats get down — up to 250 g per chesko, great fucker, used for high-shevrovye skin.

Popular purebred dairy goats, the price of which, frankly, fantastic (purebred goat month is 30 thousand rubles), not available to all. For beginners, you can give advice: buy a cheap Gorky goat, adapted to cold, are undemanding to feed, prolific and with good productivity a delicious and rich milk.

Megrelian goat

In the West of Georgia, in Samegrelo, bred dairy goats breed Mingrelian of lowland and mountain type. In flatland the inhabitants of the settlements contain on a leash and in the stalls of the animals of the first type. They feed their harvested plant food, waste from fruits and vegetables. Goats lowland type small, the average weight of ewes height at the withers is 60 cm 33-37 kg, the goats are larger and heavy — under 50 kg. For 200 days of lactation from goats have on average 300 liters of milk, give the record-holder for 750. Fertility is low: only 20 of every 100 females bring 2 kid, the other one.

The Mountain goats are bigger than their counterparts, with a strong Constitution and coarse boned, more massive. Weigh up to 50 kg up to 70 kg. the goats Graze on mountain pastures from spring to late fall, in winter they descend from the peaks in the mountain valleys, where they are grazing. Productivity an average of 200 to 250 litres for a six-month lactation. Fertility is small — 110 100 kids from Queens.

The Suit Megrelian goat white, red and grey. Short coarse wool. All animals with well-developed curved horns in the form of the letter S on somewhat elongated head with a beard of medium length.

Mingrelian goats are resistant to diseases. The relocation of these goats in other areas will improve endurance and productivity of goats of local breeds.

Breeding goats

Adult pedigreed goat for breeding are difficult to find and to pay for them will be expensive. You can go the other way - to select goats and goats from thoroughbred parents in different households, fulfilling the most important rule - a ban on inbreeding. It is safest to contact the breeders of pedigree goats. Don't forget the good old rule: expensive Yes, nice, but time is cheap - you know, “focus” may not be possible.

Examine goat producer and goat-mother - purebred characteristics they must be explicit. The high productivity of the uterus, check on the practice - even milked a goat in your presence. Try the milk taste and smell.

The goats from the breeding season in which there were more than two. Special attention to the future of the manufacturer. Goat to the tribe must be hornless. Check the development of the genital organs of the goats.

Inquire from the seller how was the feeding. Important: before two months of age kids breast milk should be their main diet. On growth and development is judged on weight, appetite, appearance, condition of coat and speed of the object.

And the kids arrived to the place of permanent content. The rest (good breeding) depends on the proper feeding and caring of animal care.