Automobiles "Muscovite" continue to drive along the roads of the former Soviet Union, while a steelworker have long been officially ceased operations. Moscow automobile plant named after Lenin Komsomol produced several lines of automotive vehicles, which became legendary. The prospects of small domestic cars were promising, but, unfortunately, the economic situation is not in favor of the industry.
The history of the plant AZLK started with an idea and big plans. The decision on construction of automobile enterprises was adopted in 1925, quickly found a place for a future giant. The initial planned capacity of the enterprise included the production of 10 thousand units of cars a month. Prior to construction, an agreement was signed with the company "Ford" on technical advice and supplies for four years 74 thousand sets for Assembly in the USSR. The erection of the first buildings of the plant began in the summer of 1929 and the winter construction announced the shock.
The Main factory building was commissioned in November 1930. Then the factory got the first name: «Government car Assembly plant named KIM”. Mysterious to contemporaries the abbreviation “KIM” stands for “Communist international of Youth”. The production cycle of the enterprise consisted of assembling cars, Assembly of body parts, painting, riveting frames and oboni. In addition to the main activities, until 1933, the production task included the repair of vehicles (average and capital). In 1932, the AZLK factory mastered the production of engines for agricultural machinery (combine harvesters).
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In 1932, the car Assembly plant. KIM began to produce trucks for the purpose GAZ-AA, the details supplied by Gorky automobile plant. Total annual production of trucks took 30 % from all products. Under the patronage of the Gas plant AZLK moved as a branch in 1933. Production facilities were fully transferred to the production of trucks GAZ-AA, engines for combine harvesters. Components for car Assembly shops of the plant. KIM was supplied by domestic producers.
The Growth of the state order required an increase in capacity of the conveyor Assembly to 60 thousand cars a year. Also in the production plans was the release of new technology: the upgraded model of GAZ-AA, popularly dubbed the “boss”, and the first passenger car M-1. For the implementation of tasks in the period from 1935 to 1937 was a large-scale reconstruction. The production plans were revised, and the Assembly of passenger cars in the Moscow branch of the GAS abandoned.
In 1939 the plant AZLK became an independent production company, where extensive reconstruction with the aim of conversion capacities for production of sedan passenger cars. Originally it was planned to produce 50 thousand units of cars per year. To support the activities of the enterprise has established a design-pilot plant.
The First passenger runabout KIM–10-50 off the line in April 1940. The first cars took part in the may day demonstration. In addition to releasing brand new cars, in early 1941 the plant was installed with additional lines and mastered the production of transmission speeds for heavy motorcycle technology.
From July 1941, the production is fully transferred to the production of military products. The first order was the release of the shell casings for the legendary «Katyusha». The advance of German troops to the capital, forced the Soviet government to evacuate most of the strategic enterprises. The AZLK factory in October 1941 he was transferred to the city of Sverdlovsk, where he was connected with a tank factory. On the basis of the enterprises were started producing tanks, shells for aircraft batteries.
The Final merger Tank factory No. 37 and car Assembly plant. KIM happened in 1942. The new company was called “the Factory No. 50" specialization is the production of transmissions for tanks. In the remaining buildings of the Moscow factory refurbished tank engines coming from the front. The elimination of the plant began in 1943 and lasted until 1944.
Meanwhile, the allies began to put cars under the program of lend-lease, and they needed repair. On the basis of conserved Moscow enterprises it was decided to open auto parts plant where I was required to master the production of 83 items of spare parts for foreign cars automotive - “Scene”, “Dodgem” and others. The plant has successfully coped before the end of the war.
In may 1945, immediately after the war, the Soviet government revives the idea of producing small cars under the brand name "Muscovite". To achieve the objectives built «Moscow small car factory”. The prototype of the first passenger cars becomes “Opel Cadet K-38”. The first passenger runabout was produced on German equipment, imported into the country by the reparations agreement.Mass production of Soviet automobiles began with the model “Moskvich-400” in 1947. In 1959, a design Bureau of the plant was designed car grade M-444 is based on the prototype "Fiat 600”. Called “Blizzard” it began to produce at the Zaporozhye automobile plant.
In 1962 the factory AZLK began production of cars model M-407, and in 1964 was launched the serial production of the M-408 is a sedan. The sixties of the last century for MZMA was full of achievements, victories and new plans. In 1966 of the plant conveyor came down jubilee 100–y "Muscovite” model M-408. Then a steelworker for successful work in the innovation and early implementation of the plans was awarded the order of red banner of Labor. At the same time adopted a plan about the next reconstruction of capacities of the enterprise, directed on expansion of production and increase production of cars to two hundred thousand cars a year.
In 1967 the company launched a new car model model M-412, and a little later in the same year, from the gates of the factory left a million "Muscovite". Simultaneously with the increase in the production of plant engineers began work to improve the security of vehicles were tested for durability (crash tests). For the fruitful work of the staff of the plant was awarded the Red Banner.
In 1968, as part of the expansion of manufacturing workshops, established a new complex in the area of Textile workers, and on 25 October of the same year Moscow plant of small cars received a new name: factory AZLK (Moscow).
For the First time in the marathon cars "Muscovite" participated in 1968. The riders passed 16 thousand kilometers on the route London-Sydney on the auto model M-412 and won fourth place in the team standings. The rating of the domestic automobile industry has increased dramatically and the popularity of the cars, which were produced by the factory "Muscovite" AZLK, have become widespread, reflected in increased exports.
Following the competition, held in 1970, difficulties were more severe, and the total length of the route London-Mexico amounted to 26 thousand kilometers. Team drivers automobile took just three places in team standings: second, third and fourth. The November competition of the same year brought the plant a striking success: the Belgian crew on the “Moscow” M–412 took the highest step of the podium in the rally "Tour de Belgique".
The Russian riders AZLK received first place in 1971 at the passage of the track in the rally "Tour de Europe" and won the Gold Cup. In 1973 the rally of international class «Safari 73” carried out in West Africa, a factory team made three auto model M-412, and took first place. A new victory with the conquest of the gold and silver cups were obtained in October 1974 for the passage of the track ‘Tour of Europe-74” in length, 15 thousand kilometers.
The Seventies were the heyday of the plant. In August 1974, the company produced the two-millionth car. Auto export has been implemented in more than seventy countries of the world, that was a big part of the total gross domestic product. The beginning of export deliveries began in 1948, and in 1977, in foreign countries have been sent the millionth instance.
In the same period in the design Department AZLK was designed prototypes of the brand new model subcompact cars. But planning mechanisms for the economy in the USSR was too slow in decisions, and on the production flow got outdated models of equipment. It significantly reduced competitiveness, exports of machinery fell to a 20 thousand per year by the early eighties. In the domestic market demand has also fallen.
The Situation began to change for the better only in the mid 80-ies. Steps were taken to improve the quality, significantly reduced claims to a released car models M-2140. The plant was modernized, and in 1986 began production of the model new sample of M-2141.
In 1987 AZLK together with AVTOVAZ started the development of the domestic motor gasoline and diesel configuration with a working volume of the engine 1,8-1,9 litres. To finalize the technical perfection of the engine, a contract was signed on joint work with the British company "Ricardo". But the work was not implemented in full in connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union. All payments of the loan under the line of contract rests on the balance AZLK.
The First wave of the crisis of the early 90s caught AZLK full of prospects and achievements. Created plans for implementation in the production models «Muscovites" M-2143 M-2141 M-2336. But all this was not to be fulfilled due to lack of funding. Produced «Muscovites» base model M-2141, and miraculously managed to start mass production of cars type pickup M-2335. For export to Western European countries in the nineties released a batch of cars model M-2141-135.
Since the early nineties, the production of cars declined steadily in 1996, production lines were idle. 1997 seemed to have breathed life into the plant, were obtained the support of the Moscow government developed a program of optimization and development of production, takenthe decision to complete the car engines "Reno". Until the end of 1997 was followed up by the party machinery models of M-2141 ‘Yuri Dolgorukiy’ and M-214241 “Prince Vladimir” and a few others. In the first half of 1998, the factory has ceased to be profitable.
But the default that occurred in August 1998, has driven the company in damages, completely deprived of working capital. In 2001, the plant produced a total of 0.81 thousand cars, it was actually the stopping of the activity. More plant AZLK was not resumed. But the territory, which housed a legendary company, still associated with the name of the enterprise AZLK: factory address - Moscow, Volgograd prospectus, d. 40. Officially the company was liquidated in 2010.
During its history the company has had several names, which served as the names of the cars. The chronology of the issue and a lineup of car factory AZLK:
Former plant AZLK today being actively developed. 2017 local municipalities have the right to develop industrial areas on its own initiative. Today a few of the factory building already reminds nothing of the giant automobile industry. Now here is the noise of a small production of led chips, building materials. In the squares of the enterprise within the third transport ring, the owners are planning to build office, retail and residential buildings.
And all the territory of the AZLK plant can still hear the roar of automotive Assembly plants. In the main shop assemble cars under the brand name "Reno". In 2015, the plant «Renault Russia” the Patent office of Russia received an application for the historic emblems of the plant AZLK, perhaps this is an attempt to revive the legendary car models with a modern twist. The owner of the trademark "Muscovite" at present and up to 2021 is the concern «Volkswagen».
Not Yet started reconstruction of the entire plant, and if there is a desire to consider the former giant, to travel back in time or to build new plans, you should visit the place where was born the domestic small car - factory AZLK (Moscow). The address is simple: Volgogradsky prospect, building 40-42.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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