In the political sections of the news reports sometimes used the term "impeachment". What is it? This term means the removal from power of the head of state by the will of the Parliament and society. In the modern world this phenomenon is quite rare.
In many languages successfully caught the English concept of "impeachment". What is it literally? It comes from the verb impedicare (to interfere, to hinder), has a Latin root. Sometimes the word "impeachment" is wrongly associated with Latin impetere (to attack, to attack). Verbs derived from this root, are in English and French.
This term has a broad meaning and is used not only in the political sphere. For example, the expression "impeachment of witness" describes the situation in legal practice, which questioned the accuracy of the data in court testimony.
Impeachment is the process of bringing charges against high-ranking officials usually have immunity from prosecution. This is a formal procedure that does not imply the immediate suspension of the statesman from his duties. Political or legal consequences may not occur to the official, who was declared the impeachment. What is it in comparison with standard process of criminal prosecution? Justice is always based on a simple principle: the suspect is punished only in case if the allegations are proved. Impeachment is the first step toward prosecution of the official, the official has violated the law or unwritten moral norms.
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For the First time this procedure was invoked in the British political system. In the second half of the 14th century the English Parliament accused the Baron Latimer of corruption and stripped him of all posts in the government. This was the first documented case of the adoption by the legislative authority of the country of decisions to impeach important government dignitary.
Following the British example, many North American States created a mechanism for bringing charges against abusive government officials. At the end of the 18th century, this procedure was included in the Constitution of Virginia and Massachusetts. Impeachment in the United States was limited only to removal from execution of official duties and did not address the issue of criminal responsibility. Currently the first head of the U.S. Constitution provides the procedure for the removal from power of presidents, Ministers and Federal judges. Cause sufficient for impeachment is treason, corruption or other serious criminal acts and misdemeanors. The latter definition is not clear and may be interpreted differently depending on the political situation.
The Legislation of most countries provides for the impeachment. What is it with the standpoint of practical application? You need to recognize that in some political systems, the procedure for the removal from power exists only on paper. The absence of an independent Parliament makes it impossible for impeachment. The recent history knows a few cases of successful practical application of this procedure in relation to the heads of state.
In 1992 the Fernando color de Mello was accused of corruption and the decision of the Parliament sacked the President of Brazil. He has not been prosecuted, but for years lost the ability to engage in political activities.
In 2000, the Peruvian Congress voted in favor of the removal from power of President Alberto Fujimori. Against the head of state was charged with the organization of the so-called "squadrons of death" (armed squads for the extrajudicial killings). Fujimori lost power and is currently serving almost life imprisonment.
The Only European head of state who left his post as a result of impeachment, became the President of Lithuania Rolandas Paksas. In 2004, the politician was accused of having links with the mafia structures. The Sejm of the Republic released him from the duties of the President. However, this did not prevent Rolandas Paksas to continue his political career and even become a member of the European Parliament.
One recent example of the use of impeachment is the scandal involving South Korean President Park Geun-Hye. In 2016, the Parliament and the constitutional court decided to suspend its authority because of allegations of corruption and the use of shamans and fortune tellers as advisors on issues of governance. After Park Geun-Hye lost his immunity from prosecution, she was arrested at the request of the South Korean Prosecutor's office.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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