Ammonium salt: description, composition, scope

Almost no industry can not do without chemically active substances. Additives are used in agriculture, food industry, during leather tanning, construction and many other areas of human activity. Among them special place is occupied by ammonium salts, which are universal.

Ammonium salts

Ammonium salt of – inorganic compound, white colour, well soluble in water, is a product of the interaction of carbonic acid and ammonium salts.

Crystals of the substance in the open air quickly decompose releasing large quantities of ammonia and carbon dioxide, and then evaporate. There are two types of chemical compounds:

1. Salt ammonium type B, which are used extensively in the steel industry, during the development of the uranium ores for flotation, neutralization of chrome leather and coloring products.
2. Salt grade A, which is used for the manufacture of organic products of synthetic chemicals.

All varieties of chemical compounds are not soluble in ethanol and acetone. Get matter by initiating oxidation-reduction reactions between ammonium salts and carbonic acid.

Chemical composition

According to the state standards, the ammonium salt should have in terms of dry substance of at least 99% bicarbonate ammonium carbonate ammonium – 1% and connected on molecular level water is not more than 3%.

Accurate records of the chemical composition can vary depending on the scope of crystal-like substance. So, for the food industry in the composition must be at least 20.9% of NH₃. Mass fraction of other compounds has a strictly regulated framework and should not exceed the following metrics:

• Heavy metal – 5*10^-4;
• Arsenic – 1*10^-4;
• Iron and its valence compounds – 1*10^-3;
• Chlorine and chloride – 1*10^-3;
• Water-insoluble compounds – 5*10^-3.

These indicators are defined THAT HAVE 6-04687873.025-95, chemical formula is NH₄HCO₃.

Physical and chemical indicators

Ammonium salt are the indicators that define them as a specific substance:

• The hue of the crystals of a substance can be represented by white, pink or gray tint;
• Mass fraction of ammonia for the group And should correspond to 21% for grade B - 20,7%;
• Mass of the residue after calcination shall be not more than 0,008% for type A, and not more than 0.02 for the kind of B.

Only the substance corresponding to these parameters, can be defined as the ammonium salt. GOST 9325-79 reinforces these provisions, as well as reglamentary rules of production, transportation and storage, precautions, and safety.

Scope

The Most widespread ammonium salt received in the food industry and agriculture. In the first area it is used under the guise of supplements Е503 often substitutes for nutritional yeast and ammonium carbonate food. For the application of substance is dissolved in water of temperature 20 ^OC and above, and then adding in a prescription mix shortly before the eruption of flour.

Physico-chemical characteristics of ammonium salts allow you to use it as fertilizer. Making crystals of a substance to achieve deceleration or a complete stop of the process of accumulation of nitrites in the soil, which has a beneficial effect on the maturation and harvest:

1. The Productivity is increased by 15-45%.
2. The Initial stage of fruiting crops comes early for one to two weeks.
3. Reduces the need of soil in phosphate fertilizers.
4. Promotes the formation of humus.

In our country the production of fertilizers based on ammonium salts is focused on the domestic entrepreneur why prices of products far below cost of foreign analogues.

Precautions

Ammonium salt belong to the 4th class of hazard. They contain two dangerous to human health substances – ammonia and carbon dioxide. The first element is extremely toxic, when injected into the respiratory tract causes irritation. If poisoning affects the Central nervous system, a headache, lacrimation, convulsions and other symptoms.

Carbon dioxide has a narcotic and soporific effects. In large quantities destabiliziethe respiratory center, causes asphyxiation and can cause death from lack of oxygen.

Therefore, use of ammonium salts only in special clothing, protective glasses, gloves, resistant to alkali, and gas masks. After work observe rules of personal hygiene, is best suited warm shower.