Automobile generator stator: description, working principle and diagram

Without electrical equipment can not “live” any modern car. And a major component of all electrical equipment is the source – generator. In turn, it contains equally important component that contributes to the emergence of electricity during movement of the vehicle. We are talking about the stator of the generator.

For what it is, what is its purpose and what the problem may be? About this and something else will discuss in this article.

Electric car

All electrical equipment any car includes the following components:

• Current Sources:
• Battery;
• Generator.
• Current Customers:
• Fixed;
• Long;
• Short.

The Objective of battery is to provide consumers with current, while “rest” engine at the time of its launching or working in the regime of small momentum. While the generator is, in fact, is the main supplier of electricity. It not only nourishes consumers but also charges the battery.

Its capacity in combination with the power generator must meet the needs of all consumers regardless of the mode of operation of the engine. In other words, must be constantly maintained energy balance. This is important as it will allow to understand how the generator stator.

To Consumer key is used to refer the system of fuel, including fuel injection, ignition control, automatic transmission. In some cars there is electric power steering. That is, everything that constantly uses current, starting from the start of the engine until it stops.

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Long consumer are the systems that are not used too often. And this lighting, security (passive, active), heating devices, air-conditioning. Most cars are equipped with anti-theft systems, multimedia facilities and navigation.

As for Short-term consumers, it is lighter, starting system, glow plug, signal, and system comfort.

Design features

Generator is present in each vehicle and consists of the following components:

• Stator;
• Rotor
• Brush unit;
• Rectifier unit.

And the generator stator, and everything else assembled in a relatively compact unit that is installed close to the engine and runs off of the crankshaft by using a belt drive.

Functionality

The Stator is a fixed part of the whole structure and secured to the housing of the generator. In turn, it has a working coil, and during operation of the generator is awakens in her power. However, this current is variable in nature, and all consumers should direct voltage. Conversion (rectification so to speak) is just due to the rectifier unit.

Among the main tasks of stator – load-bearing function for holding the working winding. He also ensures proper distribution of the magnetic field lines. In the process of the working winding of the generator can become extremely hot. And here comes into force another important feature – withdrawal of excess heat from the windings.

As a rule, all modern cars use the same stator design.

The stator Device

The design of the stator of the generator is formed by the following components:

• Ring core;
• The working winding;
• Insulation of the winding.

Let us Consider in more detail these components.

Core. Is a circular plate, on the inner parts of which there are grooves for the location of the winding. The connection plates are very dense, and together they form the so-called package. The rigidity of a monolithic structure is attached by welding or riveting.

For the manufacture of plates used a special brand of iron or ferroalloys, which are distinguished by the presence of a certain magnetic permeability. Their thickness is from 0.8 to 1 mm. For a better removal of thermal energy provided by the ribs, which are arranged on the outer side of the stator.

Winding. Usually in vehicles use a three-phase generator, where there are three windings one for each phase. Is used in their production copper wire which is covered with insulating material. Its diameter is 0.9-2 mm, and in the grooves of the core it is placed in a special way.

Each of the stator windings of the generator VAZ (or any other brand) has a terminal for withdrawing current. As a rule, the number of these insights does not exceed 3 or 4. However, there are stators, which have 6 pins. In this case, each winding its number of pins for a particular connection type.

Isolation. In each groove of the core is insulation to protect the wires from damage. In some cases, the grooves can be made of special insulating wedges for a more reliable fixing of the winding.

The Stator is impregnated with epoxy resins or varnishes. This is done to ensure the integrity ofand the rigidity of a monolithic structure, which eliminates the shift windings. Improves insulating characteristics.

How does the stator?

The Principle of operation of the stator, and therefore the entire unit (generator), any modern car is based on one phenomenon, which is familiar to all of us since the days of physics lessons. They often mentioned concepts such as generator, rotor, stator. We are talking about electromagnetic induction. Its essence in the following: when a conductor moves in the magnetic field, then it comes the current.

Or the conductor (stator) can be in an alternating magnetic field (rotor). This principle is used in automotive generators. During startup of the engine begins rotation of the rotor of the generator. Along with this, the voltage from battery reaches to the working windings. And since the rotor is a multipolar steel core, when applying the coil voltage, it becomes an electromagnet.

As a result of rotation of the rotor creates an alternating magnetic field whose lines of force intersect the stator. And here comes the core “conductor”. He begins in a special way to distribute a magnetic field and lines of force crossing the coils of the working winding. And due to electromagnetic induction of a current captured by the insights of the stator. Next, the resulting AC voltage is supplied to rectifier unit.

It Is necessary to increase the number of revolutions of the crankshaft, the current is partially from the stator winding of the generator is supplied to the rotor winding. Thus, the alternator goes into self-excitation mode, and he did not need a third-party source voltage.

The Basic malfunctions of a stator

Typically, major breakdowns of the stator is:

1. “Open” operating coil.
2. A short.

A Characteristic feature by which we can judge about the improper operation of the stator, is a loss of charging current. It can not specify the extinguished discharge indicator the battery after starting the engine. The voltmeter needle will closer to the red zone.

When measuring the voltage on the battery when the engine is running, the voltage will be less than the required value. The battery is not less than 13.6 V, and for generator – 37.3701 V. Sometimes in case of short circuit on the windings, you can hear the characteristic whine produced by the generator.

In the process of operation of the vehicle the generator may be heated and to be under the influence of electrical loads. In addition, he has to work in adverse conditions of external factors. Over time, this inevitably leads to deterioration of winding insulation, causing electrical breakdowns happen. Then the problem can be solved by repairs (rewinding of generator stator), or its replacement.

Checking the condition of stator

Some of the newcomers are increasingly concerned about how to check working condition of all the parts of the generator. This would require special equipment in the form of a multimeter (or simply cesca). You can use the autotester or other device that has an ohmmeter. In an extreme case, suitable light bulb 12 volt with wires soldered to it.

To start is to remove the alternator from the vehicle and disassemble it. Depending on the brand of machine can be difficult because some models of the Lexus brand, the power source is in a remote place. Getting to the stator and took it, it is necessary to clean from dirt. You can then move on to the test.

Check for open circuit

How can I check generator stator for open? To start is to translate the measuring device to the ohmmeter, and then sum up the probes to the terminals of winding. When open circuit the multimeter will show a reading below 10 Ohms. Otherwise, readings will tend to infinity. Thus, the current through the coil does not pass, it indicates the presence of a cliff. So you need to check all conclusions.

In the case of using light bulbs do the test in the following sequence. To start connect wire (preferably insulated) negative battery terminal to one of the terminals of winding. Plus battery is fed to the other terminal through the lamp. Her light will indicate a full order, if the lamp is not lit, then the edge to be. So you need to do with every withdrawal.

Check for short circuit

Now you should check the stator for short circuit. The ohmmeter negative probe to hold the stator housing, and positive – to any of the conclusions of the working windings. Normal readings should tend to infinity. Repeat the procedure for each of the conclusions.

With the light bulb check the stator of the generator is as follows:

• Battery negative wire connected with the stator housing.
• The Plus terminal is fed to any output via the light bulb.

For a short will indicate a burning light bulb. If it is not lit, it means that everything is in order.

Quick note

These faults are characteristic not only for the stator, doubt can get the voltage regulator and the diode bridge, and the generator rotor. It should be noted that the bad working of the stator is much rarer than listedcomponent of any generator.

Therefore, before you engage the stator, it is necessary to inspect the voltage regulator and diode bridge. And if they are in order, the last to do the winding.

For reliable operation of all electrical equipment should be regular maintenance and, if necessary, immediately replace the generator stator. The price in the end seem not as high as during the replacement of the entire generator.

As for the cost, the prices for new items start at 1,500 rubles with three pins. Products with six pins will cost more - 6-7 thousand rubles, although there are cheaper options. But it all depends on the brand of car.