E1 flow - what is it?

We live in an era when speed decides everything. If from one hundred to two hundred years ago people were content with sending letters that sometimes took more than one month, or even a year, but now people are accustomed to the fact that in just a few moments, you can send anywhere already digitized the message, to another city, even to another continent, and just as quickly to answer. Now few people imagine what it's like to write real letters and months wait for a response, hoping that it actually reached the recipient. Of course, after all that invented the Telegraph, and then the original that hundreds of times accelerated the process of transferring virtually any data. But still, it took quite long by today's standards, the length of time.

What is E1 stream?

It is primarily a standard for the transmission of digital information representing a multi-channel system of thirty-two individual channels. Thirty for direct transmission, and the remaining two as secondary (service), which synchronizes between the sending and receiving side. Each of the thirty-two data flow has a capacity of sixty-four kilobytes per second, which, by simple calculations, in sum, gives us two thousand forty-eight kilobytes per second, which is equal to two megabytes. A stream of type E1 can be transmitted by means of fiber optic or copper lines using modem.

Method of information transmission

Digital stream E1 its bandwidth is due primarily to the fact that the information sent to them is distributed to the frames in turn, the frames are divided into thirty-two intervals (time-slots), each with 8 bits. The number of slots can vary from one to thirty-one, depending on the type of the stream. Often used thirty intervals, leaving zero and thirty-second as an auxiliary.

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Multicity

To expand the amount of useful information, without extending the runway, uses groups of frames, called multicare. Mainly they are of two types:

• 256N – which uses a pair of one even and one odd frame. It is used in that case, if the user has the sixteenth time slot. In this case, for the transmission of useful information is used thirty-one time interval. (Nineteen eighty four kilobytes per second).
• 256S – In which sixteen frames himself for the sixteenth time slot is used for transmission of end-to-end information. Such multicity used to transmit voice information. In this mode, the maximum number of used time-slots will be equal to thirty. (One thousand nine hundred and twenty kilobytes per second).

Basic signal flow

The reference signal E1 is primarily a digital signal, and therefore, it is passed through a binary code, i.e. ones and zeros. In E1 signal is coded using a special modulation called HDB3, which in turn is an improved version of the method AMI. Zeros in AMI code is transmitted as a zero voltage and the positive or negative pulse. This method of coding was linked to one major problem. He could not transmit a long sequence of zero momentum, since it was impossible to transmit the synchronization signal. B HDB3 limitation, as any sequence that is longer than four zeros, is automatically populated with a nonzero signal on the receiving side will be filtered through the so-called “bipolar Violation" of perceiving the sequence as part of a string of zeros and removes unnecessary signal, restoring the source code.

Where to use E1 stream?

As became clear from the foregoing, it is an extremely convenient way multi-channel transmission of information with stable throughput. This determined the further direction in using this system. Stream connection E1 is more appropriate in large companies who are in dire need in the inner multi-line telephone or Internet system. Because with just one physical thread can provide thirty high-quality voice/Internet channels.

Also do not forget that the flow E1 passes the information portion. This means that to collect “mosaic” of the parts of the signal only by means of special encryption algorithm. This can be useful, as each separate physical cable, you can set your personal algorithm that will minimize the chance of information leakage in case of intrusion into the network.

Most Often in the E1 stream to use in large and small companies whose activities are closely linked with telecommunication. It can be Call centres, control rooms, hot lines, and also some simple office. E1 – a universal thing, so you can use it almost anywhere.