The purpose of the printer. Types of printers, working principle, service. Printer paper

Working with information involves the use of different kinds of media. In today's world most of the operations with text and graphical data is performed in the computer, but this approach does not negate the possibility of converting digital content in a form suitable for physical treatment. In other words, any information from a computer can be transferred to solid support. The most common tool for performing this operation is the printer. This high-tech device, which can be considered as one of the components of the external periphery of the PC. The main purpose of the printer is to transfer digital information to paper or to a special polymer film. But these functions are not restricted.

Purpose and main tasks of the printer

In the modern market rare models that perform only one function of the printer as the print medium. As a rule, these multifunction devices also implement the operation of the copier, scanner and Fax. Another thing is that the basic and additional functionality is optimized for computer equipment and less resembles the traditional technology of performance of the machine. So, what makes the printer? Even a budget model will be able to print text information, as well as to transfer the picture from paper to digital form. In fact, these are the basic tasks, which focuses on this technique.

Auxiliary option can be reduced to the possibilities of applying protective layers on paper (lamination), brochureware (create binding), etc. At this stage of development the printer with the scanner probably is not improved by increasing the functionality and characteristics of the print qualities. However, the developers give a model and new opportunities from the point of view of the organization management process. Thus, implemented technologies for wireless communication between printer and computer, automatic control modules and other innovations.

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The printer

As standard, the printer is a small plastic unit inside of which contains equipment for the work of the press. Physically, the process is provided by the ink pump, print head, drive mechanism and locking elements. Has the features the device is a laser printer, which also provides for led strip. Such models work on the principle of a photocopier to print. A special place in the construction of the laser apparatus is a photoconductor. This aluminum cylinder the surface of which are characterized by high sensitivity. Depending on the coverage of this unit can change the electrical resistance – this is based on the ability of image transfer in one form or another due to laser exposure.

A Separate place is also a transfer belt and a developing unit. In the first case, the band unit is used for applying the intermediate images with different drums associated with the cartridge for paint. Bypassing this process step, mechanisms for the transfer of the toner efficiently transfer the information on paper. In addition, the device is a laser printer is characterized by a more sophisticated implementation of the print head, provided with hundreds of active nozzles. It is not linear elements for the ink supply, and means of precision dispersion of ink drops.

Varieties of printer

There are more than a dozen varieties of printers, and differing in design and principle of operation. However, the most widely inkjet, dot matrix and laser of the above-mentioned model. These types of printers and their purpose is largely related and similar. Developers of different devices pursue the same goal – to provide high quality printing at minimum cost and optimum speed. The basic classification can be called a dot matrix printer. At home he almost never used, but the platform of such models gave impetus to further development of the segment. The result of technological progress was the emergence of an inkjet printer. This unit is characterized by high speed, printing inks and affordable price. But with large volumes this device does not the best way – in any case, its operation for such purposes are more expensive in terms of consumables costs.

Laser printer may be the best solution in different aspects of the application. The advantages of this device include high speed, frugality in consumption of consumables and maintaining stable printing quality. However, the principle of operation of dot-matrix printer, which is caused by the percussive action of the needle elements is even more economical. By the way, that 24-needle dot matrix, not laser printers are often used in working with official documents. But again, for home use is better to choose a laser model.

Equipment

Now is more familiar with the working principles of printers.Most modern devices work by technology transfer of an image by the photosensitive elements. It can be directly laser model, and led. They have a lot in common, but the working part is formed in one case by laser and the other – LEDs. In both devices can be used for different approaches to the transfer of toner. For example, a common printer with a scanner, which implements the two-component system manifestations. In this case, ink particles to move into the drum unit is not held on a magnetic roller of a developing unit alone, and stick to the magnetic powder of the developer carrier. Another principle involves the initial mixing of the developer and the paint particles. In non-magnetic models, the drawing is carried out at all without the use of supplements – toners based on the principles of electrostatics.

Gradually go down in history, but, as already noted, some areas are still models, working with sets of needles. This is a classic matrix devices actuated through electromagnets. Mechanical principle of operation of dot-matrix printer is based on a function head, which moves on a special carriage and controls the operation of the needles. Through the ink ribbon due to the bumps formed on the working surface of the image.

3D printers

Just a few years ago the printers segment was complemented by a fundamentally new development – 3D device. His task is to create a full three-dimensional articles, whose parameters are also specified in the computer. Accordingly, the purpose of a printer of this type is significantly different. If the traditional model and laser guided vehicles for the transfer of text and graphic information, usually on paper, in this case, we can talk about transferring the computer model to the real kinds.

The size of such models often correspond to the conventional printers, but their design is much more complicated. The main working component also has a special head which is a layering material. This is the extruder, which in contrast to the same matrix with needles to print works not with ink, but with plastics. Typically, the polymers deposited on the working area of nozzle, shape of the target object. By the way, in the construction industry is gradually being developed and used for industrial purposes printer that can build a small house. In the input the snap-in is loaded mortar, after which the machine does it in a special sequence on the building site.

What paper is used for a printer?

One of the main characteristics of paper consumables for the printer is the size. The most common format is a series A. In international standard, this range of sizes is recommended as a carrier for the usual documentation. If you need printer paper used in printing industry, it is desirable to apply the material of the series B. For envelopes often use formats C. the Most common for home and office use are the A4 sheets.

Also, the paper is characterized by such qualities as density and brightness. As for density, it is determined by the weight of one unit of the sheet area. For example, a rate of 80 g/m2 is optimal. Paper with lower density, the apparatus can simply be jammed and leaves with greater mass may not pass. If the printer is used for printing in the official documents, to take into account is the brightness of the paper. It is determined by the percent – the highest quality is considered to be snow-white paper with a brightness factor of 100%. But it is more expensive, so ordinary users increasingly turning to leaves with 80-90% brightness setting.

Printer

Work with the printer only if it is reliable. The unit should be placed on a flat surface, maintaining stability. Note that in the process some models are able to vibrate strongly, so the stable base is very important. Direct control of device functions is carried out using a panel where buttons are located. It may be traditional mechanical and touch-sensitive keys. Usually manufacturers label this button with the symbol corresponding to the particular transaction. The equipment can be used in either a standalone device, in the format of a network component. In the second case, you need to know the address of the network printer that is entered in the system. To do this via configuration settings of the hardware to put the task of printing characteristics. On a sheet of paper will reflect and network address, and other relevant information about a specific device.

Equipment Maintenance

Checking the operating status of the printer is of great importance from the point of view of preserving the quality of the performance of its functions. Regardless of what the main purpose of the printer, it is advisable to leave it on for a long period without work. At least once a week conventional jet apparatus are required to print 1-2 pages. Otherwise there is a risk of ink drying, which will lead to serious problemsmechanical filling. In addition, it is important to prevent all sorts of risks of contamination of the body – especially dust which can penetrate the responsible functional part of the printer.

Most modern models are equipped with automated systems of control and diagnostics of the working equipment. Using settings the user can assess the condition of the nozzles, their purity and willingness to work. If you use high quality and suitable format printer paper, the service life is also extended. A common mistake owners of the same jet models is the use of a paper intended for laser devices. In such cases, also, there is a risk of clogging of the working heads, which inevitably leads to the need for repairs.

Popular printer models

In the segment of inkjet printers for home one of the best solutions today is the modification G1400 PIXMA from Canon. Camera by the standards of the budget not the cheapest, but this nuance kompensiruet quality of the device. For 9 thousand rubles, you can count on a balanced system of ink continuously, and high performance of printing. Among the low-cost laser models stands out apparatus SP 150w from the company Ricoh. The device is compact, optimized design and ergonomic add-ons – for example, shelves for storage of sheets. If you need printing in a professional work-stream, we can consider the Kyocera line. The company offers high-tech models are specially for productive work in the office. In particular, the device FS-9530DN provides high-quality print, allowing you to save on ink. However, is this model of 100 thousand

Conclusion

The simplification of the physical operations with printers is one of the main directions of development of printing equipment. Thus, improved means of interaction with the device and user, and computer. In terms of technical stuffing also observed the performance improvement – this applies to the working resource, and the efficiency of the circuitry. But fundamentally a modern printer for printing does not change. We can say that the introduction of led and laser components of the last and most successful stage in the development of such equipment in recent years. Manufacturers are adopting other ways of implementing functional equipment, but the output is rather experimental or highly specialized products that cannot compete with the same laser equipment in terms of the broad market.