Complex compound. Definition, classification

Date:

2018-03-27 01:09:08

Views:

743

Rating:

1Like 0Dislike

Share:

Table of contents:

To give a more or less precise definition of what constitutes complex compounds modern chemistry has to be based on the main provisions of the coordination theory, which was proposed by A. Werner in 1893 the complexity of the issue lies in the diversity and multiplicity of various chemical compounds falling under the definition of complex.

In General, complex compounds – are chemical substances, which is the number of complex particles. So far science has no strict definition of “complex particle”. Often use the following definition: integrated particle understand the complex particle, which is able to exist both in the crystal and in solution. It consists of simple particles, which in turn have the ability to exist independently. Often the definition of the complex particles are subject to complex chemical particles, in which all connection or part is formed at the donor-acceptor principle.

A Common feature possessed by all complex compounds is the presence in their structure of the Central atom, known as “the complexing agent”. Given the variety possessed by these compounds, to talk about some General terms, this element is not necessary. Often the complexing agent is an atom that forms the metal. But this is not simply a symptom: known complex compounds where the Central atom is the atom of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, iodine and other elements, which is a bright nonmetals. Speaking about the charge of complexing agent, we can say that mostly it is positive, and in the scientific literature got the name of the metal center, but there are examples where the Central atom had a negative charge, and even zero.

Recommended

"Knowledge is light and ignorance is darkness": the value, meaning and alternatives

There are some sayings that would seem to need no explanation, such as “teaching & ndash; light and ignorance – darkness”. But some still do not understand their meaning. But not only for such people is written by our article. I...

What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention

What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention

D. I. Mendeleev was a brilliant Russian scientist-polymath, who made many important discoveries in various fields of science and technology. Many people know that he is the author of “Fundamentals of chemistry" and the periodic law of chem...

The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures

The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures

Slavs (under this name), according to some researchers, appeared in the story only in 6 century ad. However, the language of nationality bears the archaic features of the Indo-European community. This, in turn, suggests that the origin of the Slavs h...

Accordingly, isolated groups of atoms or individual atoms, which are located around the complexing agent, are referred to as ligands. It could be the particles before entry into the compound was a molecule, for example, water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (NH3), and many others, also it can be anions OH−, and PO43− , Cl−, or the hydrogen cation H+.

Attempt to classify complex compounds according to the type of charge complex divides these chemical compounds into cationic complexes, which are formed around a positively charged ion and neutral molecules. There are also anionic complexes, the complexing agent which is an atom with a positive oxidation state. Simple and complex anions are the ligands. A separate group can be distinguished neutral complexes. Their formation occurs by coordination around a neutral atom molecules. Also, this category of complex substances include compounds formed by the simultaneous coordination around a positively charged ion and molecules, and negatively charged ions.

Considering the number of seats occupied by the ligands in the so-called coordination sphere, determine monodentate, bidentate and polydentate ligands.

The formation of complex compounds in a variety of ways allows you to classify the nature of the ligand. Among them distinguish ammanati in which the ligands are represented by molecules of ammonia, aquacomplex, where the ligand is water, CARBONYLS – carbon monoxide plays a role of ligand. Additionally, there are acidogenic, in which the Central atom is surrounded by acidic residues. If it is surrounded by hydroxide ions, the compound belongs to the hydroxocomplexes.

Complex compounds play an important role in nature. Without them it is impossible the functioning of living organisms. Also, the use of complex compounds in human activity allows to carry out complex technological operations.

Analytical chemistry, extraction of metals from ores, electroplating, manufacture of varnishes and paints – this is only a brief list of industries in which there was a use of complex chemical substances.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/cars/7586-what-is-the-exam-in-the-traffic-police.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/a-tamab-l/13550-shto-zh-uya-lyae-saboy-ekzamen-u-d-bdr.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/autos/13553-was-ist-eine-pr-fung-in-der-verkehrspolizei.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/coches/13560-que-es-un-examen-en-el-gbdd.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/cars/7592-what-is-the-exam-in-the-traffic-police.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/cars/7588-what-is-the-exam-in-the-traffic-police.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/avtomobil-der/13553-b-l-b-ld-red-emtihan-gibdd.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/samochody/13540-co-to-jest-egzamin-do-policji.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/carros/13534-o-que-um-exame-de-pol-cia-de-tr-nsito.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/arabalar/13556-nedir-bu-s-nav-traf-k-polisi.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/avtomob-l/13550-scho-zh-yavlya-soboyu-spit-v-gibdd.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/cars/8252-what-is-the-exam-in-the-traffic-police.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

Comments (0)

This article has no comment, be the first!

Add comment

Related News

Solovki uprising: a brief history

Solovki uprising: a brief history

Solovetsky uprising, which took place from 1668 to 1676 for today is one of the most remarkable events in Russian history. The uprising was organized by monks who refused the innovations of Patriarch Nikon. Solovki uprising: the c...

Research methods of human genetics.

Research methods of human genetics.

currently, genetics is highly relevant in scientific fields for research. The impetus for its development was the well-known doctrine of Charles Darwin on the discreteness of heredity, natural selection and mutational changes due ...

The history and meaning of

The history and meaning of "Preobrazhensky"

the History of Russia has a lot of terms and events, a characteristic which causes difficulties for students. One of such concepts is the Transfiguration of the order, carrying out in the XVII-XVIII centuries, the role of the dete...

An essay on the topic

An essay on the topic "Sport" - argument about the health craze

What should be the composition on a subject "Sport"? First, interesting second - instructive. Let the sport is popular nowadays, but not all of them do. Many people prefer classes in the hall dalliance, or even worse, have bad hab...

Money: origin and function

Money: origin and function

Money, the origin of which is closely associated with the development of commodity relations and the formation of valuation products, are today an integral and important part of the global economy. The story of their formation beg...

The Storming Of The Bastille

The Storming Of The Bastille

Every year on July 14 the French celebrate Bastille Day. The celebration is very peculiar and quite unexpected. And to understand what it is connected, requires a small digression into history. a strong fortress, with high walls a...