A significant part of the speech is what?

Since ancient times the minds of scientists is the question of parts of speech. Research dedicated to them, studied Plato, Aristotle, Panini, Yaska. As for the Russian linguistics, to mention the names of V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Scherba, A. A. Shakhmatov and others.

The Complexity of allocation of parts of speech

Parts of speech are the most necessary and common categories in the grammar of any language. With find out about them, starts its grammatical description. Speaking about parts of speech, grammatical mean grouping certain units of language. In other words, in the vocabulary of the allocated bits or groups, which are defined by certain characteristics. But on what basis should highlight parts of speech? Based on what the distribution of words on them? Let's answer this question.

The Problem of the nature of the parts of speech and the principles of their selection in different languages is one of the most in linguistics. A variety of different statements concerning the issue. Very often they are contradictory and not clear. Some believe that the individual parts are allocated on the basis of one of the leading characteristic, which is inherent in the words specific to a particular group. Others believe that the basis of allocation of parts of speech is the combination of various signs, while none of them is a leading. To be true if the first opinion, which in this case will be the main symptom? Enclosed in the lexical meaning, the logical category? Or is it? Or relationship of the lexical meaning with the grammatical category? Its syntactic function or morphological nature? And different parts of speech should be allocated on different or on the same basis?

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Agree, a lot of questions. Our knowledge about the grammatical nature of words is still not deep enough, to their grammatical classification could be built on a scientific basis. Emerged gradually and subsequently entrenched in the tradition of the distribution of parts of speech of various words is not a classification. This division is just a fact that there are different groups of words United by some characteristics common to them. The latter are more or less significant, however, is not always clear.

The Allocation of parts of speech in Russian language

In the modern Russian language has a large number of variant morphological forms. A particular challenge is the significant word-formation inflectional parts of speech. Some of their forms were recognized as normative and entrenched in the literary language, others are considered grammatical errors. This determines the need for in-depth study of such topics as the derivation of a significant modifiable parts of speech. In school they are usually given special attention.

Parts of speech are studied in this section of grammar as morphology. Words in it are considered from the point of view of their values and change. They can change the numbers, genders, persons, cases, etc. Noun, for example, denotes an object. It can vary by case and number. The same adjective refers not to the subject and its symptom. It changes the numbers, genera, and cases. However, in the Russian language there are words that don't change. This, for example, conjunctions, prepositions and adverbs.

Service and independent parts of speech

So, groups of words, which are combined on the basis of common characteristics, called parts of speech. The signs for various groups of words is not uniform. We should distinguish between significant and nezamenyaemye parts of speech. The last call service. Significant parts of speech are independent. And those and others perform different jobs. Independent words in the sentence, naming objects, actions, signs, are members of the proposals, while the service is most often associated independent words. Consider the latter in more detail.

Pronominal and significant words

An Independent part of speech can be pronominal or significant. Significant words represent signs, objects, actions, number, relationships, calling them. Pronominal only point them out, but do not call. In the proposal they serve as the alternates is significant. The word pronominal form a separate part of speech called a pronoun. Significant divided into different parts of speech on the basis of the following:

morphological

- the generalized values;

- the syntax of behavior (functions and relations in the text).

Are at least 5 groups, considering the significant parts of speech. It's three names (adjective, noun, numeral) and also a verb and an adverb. Sometimes verb forms (gerunds and participles) are allocated separately. As you can see, the parts of speech are lexico-grammatical classes of words. That is, they are allocated based on syntactic behavior, morphological characteristics and generalized values.

Noun

Let's Start to describe the parts of speech of the Russian language (significant) with a noun. To him belong the words:

1) area household or private, inanimate or animate, have a constant generic feature, as well as non-permanent (for the main part nouns) the signs of case and number;

2) have a value of objectivity, so to answer the question "what?" or "who?";

3) most often in the proposal are additions or subject, but there can also be other members.

Note that in the allocation of nouns are the main grammatical characteristics of words, and not, for example, their importance. The main signs of significant parts of speech may be different. In this you'll see shortly. As to the meaning of the noun, that's the only part of speech whose value can be very different. Please refer to the examples: the person (the girl), object (handle), pet (dog), abstract concept (pride), sign (height), the relationship (inequality), action (learning). These words from the point of view of values common: the fact that in relation to them can we ask one question: "what?" or "who?" This, in fact, is their objectivity.

Moving on to the next part of speech - adjective.

Adjective

It is an independent part of speech, significant. In it are combined the words:

1) Change in cases, numbers and genders, and some of the degrees of comparison and brevity/completeness.

2) Denote some non-procedural feature of an object, and therefore answer the questions "whose?" or "what?"

3) appear in the sentence, the nominal part of SIS (compound nominal predicate), or definitions.

Adjectives are dependent on nouns. Therefore, questions should be set from the latter. Adjectives are needed in order to allocate the set of identical items are needed. Without them our speech would look like written gray paint picture. Thanks to the adjective it becomes shaped and more accurate because they allow you to highlight different characteristics of the object.

Enumerate

This is another significant part of speech, independent. It includes words denoting number, the order of the items in the account or their number. Numeral answers the following questions: "what?" or "how many?" It is a part of speech that combines words based on common values. And the value of the numeral - for the number. Note that their grammatical characteristics are heterogeneous. They depend on the rank value of that particular numeral.

These words play a big role in our lives. We measure numbers, time, distance, number of objects and their size, cost, weight. Numbers on the letter were often replaced by numbers. However, in the documents, for example, requires that the amount was given not only numbers, but words.

Dialect

We Continue to uncover the question: "What part of speech is significant?" An adverb describes a symptom of a condition, symptom, action, and object. Note that it is immutable. The exception to this rule is only qualitative adverbs ending in-o/-e. they All abut either to the adjective or to a verb, or another adverb, that is, characterize significant parts of speech. Examples: very fast, run fast, very fast. The adverb in the sentence is usually the circumstance. Sometimes it can be adjacent to the noun. Examples of the following: race, coffee in Warsaw, a soft-boiled egg. The adverb in these cases acts as an inconsistent definition. On two grounds classification of adverbs - by value and by function.

Verb

Go to the verb, considering the significant parts of speech. This word, denoting a state (glad), action (write), property (limp), symptom (Belitsa), the relation (equal). In different groups of verb forms heterogeneous grammatical signs. Such a thing as a "verb word", common: praguerie form (impersonal and personal), espaguete (participial and participle), and infinitive (indefinite form). For speech verbs are very important. They allow us to name different actions.

The Sacrament

As a morphological phenomenon participles ambiguously interpreted in linguistics. Sometimes regarded as a separate part of speech of notional words are participles, and sometimes as a form of the verb. They represent a sign of a subject in action. The participle combines properties of a verb and an adjective. It is used in writing more often than in the oral.

Gerund

Tell us a bit about the gerund, revealing the theme of "the Significant parts of speech". These are the words that, like participles, can be viewed either as a special form of the verb, or as an independent part of speech. Signs of gerunds following:

1) Designation incremental steps, so the participle answers the following questions: "what doing?" or "what doing?"

2) the Existence of grammatical features as adverbs, and verb.

So we looked at the significant parts of speech. Is an adverb, verb, numeral, adjective and noun. Sometimes separately allocate the gerund and the participle. Now you can't go wrong, answering the question: "What part of speech is significant?" However, we suggest you to go ahead and complete familiarity with independent partsthe speech, considered a pronoun.

Pronoun

A Pronoun is a separate part of speech, indicating signs, objects or number, but not name them. Their various grammatical features. They depend on what part of speech replaces in the text the pronoun. They can be classified according to grammatical characteristics and meaning. Pronouns in the speech are used instead of adjectives, nouns, adverbs and numerals. They help to combine into a coherent proposal, to avoid repeating the same words.

So, we have considered an independent part of speech (pronominal and significant), and auxiliary parts of speech we outlined. We offer you to learn more about the latter because they also play an important role in the language. I hope you learned to distinguish between significant and official part of speech.