Akkadian language - an ancient dialect of Middle East

Date:

2018-03-28 14:22:11

Views:

866

Rating:

1Like 0Dislike

Share:

Table of contents:

- Akkadian is an extinct East Semitic language that was used in ancient Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria, ISIN, Larsa and Babylon) from the 30th century BC until its gradual replacement of the East Aramaic dialect in about the 8th century BC. His final disappearance occurred during the 1-3 centuries ad. This article will tell you about this ancient Oriental language.

Akkadian language of antiquity

History

This is the most ancient written Semitic language using the cuneiform script that was originally used for writing is also an unrelated and extinct Sumerian language. Akkadian was named after the eponymous city, a major center of civilization of Mesopotamia in the period of the Akkadian Kingdom (about 2334-2154 BC). But the language existed before the establishment of this state over many centuries. For the first time it was mentioned in 29 BC.

The Mutual influence between Sumerian and Akkadian has prompted researchers to combine them into a language Union. Since the second half of the third Millennium BC (about 2500 BC) start to appear the texts fully written in Akkadian. This is evidenced by numerous finds. Hundreds of thousands of these texts and their fragments have been discovered so far by archaeologists. They cover extensive traditional mythological narrative, legal acts, scientific observations, correspondence, reports of political and military events. To the second Millennium BC in Mesopotamia were two dialects of the Akkadian language of Assyria and Babylon.

Recommended

"Knowledge is light and ignorance is darkness": the value, meaning and alternatives

There are some sayings that would seem to need no explanation, such as “teaching & ndash; light and ignorance – darkness”. But some still do not understand their meaning. But not only for such people is written by our article. I...

What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention

What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention

D. I. Mendeleev was a brilliant Russian scientist-polymath, who made many important discoveries in various fields of science and technology. Many people know that he is the author of “Fundamentals of chemistry" and the periodic law of chem...

The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures

The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures

Slavs (under this name), according to some researchers, appeared in the story only in 6 century ad. However, the language of nationality bears the archaic features of the Indo-European community. This, in turn, suggests that the origin of the Slavs h...

Akkadian language dictionary

Because of the power of various state formations of the Ancient East such as the Assyrian and Babylonian Empire, Akkadian became the mother tongue of most of the population of this region.

Inevitable decline

The Akkadian language began to lose its influence during the neo-Assyria Empire in the 8th century BC to spread he was replaced by Aramaic during the reign of Tiglath-pileser III. To the Hellenistic period, this language was largely used only by scholars and priests who performed rituals in the temples of Assyria and Babylon. The last known cuneiform document written in Akkadian, refers to the first century ad.

Mandaic language spoken by the people of mandai in Iraq and Iran, as well as novouralsky used today in Northern Iraq, Southeast Turkey, northeast Syria and Northwest Iran are two of the few modern Semitic languages, Akkadian has preserved some vocabulary and grammatical features.

General characteristics

According to its characteristics Akkadian is an inflected language, which has developed a system of case inflection.

It belongs to the Semitic group of the middle East branch of the afroasiatic language family. It is prevalent in the middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, parts of regions of Asia Minor, North Africa, Malta, the Canary Islands and in the countries of the horn of Africa.

In the middle East Semitic languages Akkadian forms vostochnosibirskaya subgroup (with eblaite). It differs from the North-West and South Semitic groups, their order of words in a sentence. For example, its grammatical structure is: subject-object-verb, whereas in the other Semitic dialects usually observed in the following order: verb-subject-object or subject-verb-object. This phenomenon in the grammar of the Akkadian language due to the influence of Sumerian dialect that just had this procedure. As in all Semitic languages, Akkadian was widely represented words with three consonants in the root.

the country of Akkad

Research

The Akkadian language was re-examined, when Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 was able to make extensive copies of cuneiform texts and published them in Denmark. Deciphering them began immediately, and bilingual residents of the Middle East, in particular the speakers of old Persian-Akkadian dialects, have been of great assistance in this matter. Since the texts contained several Royal names, it was possible to identify isolated signs. The research results were published in 1802 by Georg Friedrich Grotefend. By this time it was obvious that this language belongs to the Semitic. Final breakthrough in deciphering the texts associated with the names of Edward Hinks, Henry Rowlinson and Jules Oppert (mid 19th century). Institute of Oriental studies of the University of Chicago recently completed the compilation of a dictionary of the Akkadian language (volume 21).

Akkadian language study

System cuneiform letters

The Ancient Akkadian writing preserved on clay tablets relating to 2500 BCE, Inscriptions were created using cuneiform script, adopted from the Sumerians, using wedge-shaped characters. All records were kept on tablets of pressed wet clay. Used Akkadian scribes adapted cuneiform script Sumerian contain logos (that is, image-based characters representing entire words), Sumerian syllables, Akkadian syllables, andphonetic additions. Published today, the textbooks Akkadian language contain many grammatical peculiarities of this ancient dialect, once common in the middle East.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/9216-akkadian-language---an-ancient-dialect-of-middle-east.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/16507-akadzkaya-mova---starazhytnae-pryslo-e-bl-zkaga-ushodu.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/16515-akkadisch-sprache---das-alte-adverb-im-nahen-osten.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/16525-el-acadio-idioma-antiguo-adverbio-de-oriente-medio.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/9224-akkadian-language---an-ancient-dialect-of-middle-east.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/9224-akkadian.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/16508-akkadskiy-t-l---ezhelg-narechie-tayau-shy-ys.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/16490-akkadskiy-j-zyk---staro-ytna-przys-wek-bliskiego-wschodu.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/16490-o-ac-dio-linguagem---um-antigo-adv-rbio-oriente-m-dio.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/16513-akad-dili---eski-zarf-orta-do-u.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/16504-akkads-ka-mova---davnya-prisl-vnik-bliz-kogo-shodu.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/10045-akkadian-language---an-ancient-dialect-of-middle-east.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

Comments (0)

This article has no comment, be the first!

Add comment

Related News

The princes and principalities of Ancient Rus in the period of disunity

The princes and principalities of Ancient Rus in the period of disunity

After the death of the Kievan Prince Yaroslav the Wise in 1054 in Russia began the process of disintegration of the previously uniform state. Similar events took place in Western Europe. It was the General tendency of the feudal m...

Count Bobrinsky, the son of Catherine the 2: biography. The estate of count Bobrinsky in Bogoroditsk

Count Bobrinsky, the son of Catherine the 2: biography. The estate of count Bobrinsky in Bogoroditsk

According to historians, the Empress Ekaterina 2 — it is the embodiment of absolutism in Russia. But we must not forget that in her reign, our country has become one of the most important players on the world political scene...

A significant part of the speech is what?

A significant part of the speech is what?

Since ancient times the minds of scientists is the question of parts of speech. Research dedicated to them, studied Plato, Aristotle, Panini, Yaska. As for the Russian linguistics, to mention the names of V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. S...

A tunnel to Sakhalin: a history of the secret construction

A tunnel to Sakhalin: a history of the secret construction

the twentieth century was a time of incredible breakthroughs of humanity, innovative technical solutions, which have divided the world into 2 parts: the primitive past with its wooden carriages and oil lamps and the digital future...

The Welsh language is the second official language of Wales

The Welsh language is the second official language of Wales

According to statistics from 2011, the Welsh used in the spoken language the order of 580 thousand people. According to the census, a quarter of using the language were born outside of Wales. Almost all the people speak Welsh, wel...

Venus: diameter, atmosphere and planet's surface

Venus: diameter, atmosphere and planet's surface

One of the most mysterious planets of our Solar system called Venus. This is the second Sun object and the closest to Earth among the big bodies. Venus, whose diameter is 95 % of the diameter of our planet, always on the move in t...