What is calico? Traditionally, the meaning of the word "Kalika" associated with the pilgrims – wandering the cities and towns of Ancient Rus poor singers and storytellers. They lived on alms from those who wished to hear their song with spiritual content, epics, legends.
When speaking please note that the emphasis in the word "Kalika" falls on the first syllable with an "and". Correctly to speak so: Kalika.
That means Kalika and what is the origin of the word, the consensus of linguists is not formed. According to the dictionary Vasmer, the word "Kalika" is etymologically close to the crippled – the person with the handicap, disabled.
Pilgrims, often blind musicians – heroes of many paintings by Russian artists of the XIX century. For example, such as I. A. Ermen "Singing blind" (1764), I. M. Pryanishnikov "pilgrims" (1870), P. Sokolov, "Poor" (1871), V. M. Vasnetsov "the Poor singers (1873), M. A. Yaroshenko "Blind" (1879), A. I. Vakhrameev "pilgrims" (1920), and others.
The songs and epics musicians, usually accompanied by playing the harp or wheel Lira, which became widespread in Russia since the XVII century.
Pilgrims existed in other countries. For example, in France the XVIII century, their pastoral and spiritual tunes is so in Vogue that the hurdy-gurdy (another name – peasant violin) became the musical instrument of the aristocratic salons.
What is Kalik tried to explain another version of the origin of the word. According to her, Kalika goes back to kaliga, in turn derived from the Latin Caligae — boots.
Caligari the Roman soldiers called wicker shoes or sandals. They closed the lower leg, but the height could reach and knee. The top consisted of straps, the bottom was thick and strong, often lined Shoe with nails. The centurions (officers) on such shoes additionally attended decorations of gold and silver nails. But the higher ranks kaliga was not wearing. These shoes are specially designed for long treks, and carries her soldiers called Caligari.
Walking Is an interesting fact that allegedly the Roman Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus earned the nickname (agnomen) Caligula (the diminutive form of Caligae, that could be due to the fact boot) because of a commitment to precisely this kind of shoes.
Figuring out what is Kalik, you may recall that much later these crude sandals with garter caught pilgrims making pilgrimage to Holy places, first the West, then Russian. Well, people wearing kaliga, became known as the pilgrims.
In Russian folk tales and epics mentioned and other beggars – powerful with immeasurable strength: Kalika-hero, who has broken heart, and mighty Ivanise – "calico turn-perebrosa". They were so strong that it was not inferior in strength even Ilya Muromets.
At times the narrative of the heroes takes a slightly humorous nature, mostly due to references in the description of the character attributes of the disease (crutches) and enormous powerful strength and alternating the female, the masculine in the story about this character. Here is a quote from the epic "Kalika the hero"
A crutch calicoe props
High eh Kalika rises,
But the higher woods standing
And below the cloud walkers.
Or:
Kalika was half-gone.
He Began his club waggle
Where waved the
Duck Pala street,
Waved off – pereulochek
Nailed all the power of the infidel.
Listeners believed that this Kalika in the epics could dress up and Russian Bogatyr, to disguise it. Very popular and performers of, and listeners enjoyed the epics that glorified the remarkable strength Kalik – "the Forty with a Kalik Kalik".
Not surprisingly, it came Kalika heal the disease of Ilya Muromets. They would like to share with him his own power to "protect the Russian land."
Besides, beggars could act as messengers of the approaching enemy threat, but the battles did not participate. The only exception is a single, quoted already above epics in which Kalika-hero goes along with Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich on the army of evil "Turchenko, Bogatyrenko".
From the foregoing it is easy to conclude that the pilgrimsthe people perceived as God's people, wizards, true, endowed with an unknown power and knowledge, even if in fact it was just poor musicians.
Poor or not, lame or, on the contrary, powerful and healthy, one certain thing by pilgrims in Russia called Wanderers, moving from one place to another and performing to the public works on religious themes, thoughts and ballads, and sometimes household songs and humorous content. A kind of Russian reincarnation menestrello Western culture.
It is Known, for example, that there were whole school games on the wheel lyre and singing to it from individual artists. For example, in Ukraine some of the masters of the lyre could be learning at the same time up to thirty people. Practice their students were, playing at the village weddings and fairs and giving to the master as payment for tuition and housing earned money.
However, the question of what Kalik, it is possible to answer so: it was the musician-wanderer, wandering alone or with someone from place to place, never lingering long. Welcome and feed the pilgrims, the Holy person was always pleasing to God. In addition, to listen to his stories and songs in villages, far from the noise of the cities, was just wondering, is akin to the throat of clean air.
What is Kalik (Kalika) can be understood quite differently.
For Example, in the slang of drug addicts, the word "calico" is meant any pharmacological agent in the form of tablets (a slang synonym for – the wheel) or a drug.
This value, apparently, is an ironic reinterpretation of the episode of the epic "the Healing of Ilya Muromets", which tells the story of how I came to Ilya pilgrims and brought him to "drink the honey" to "glass gilded", the drinking of which of the disabled person, thirty years spent on the stove, Ilya became a hero.
And there was also Mikhail Kalik – Soviet and Israeli film (1927-2017), who directed such films as "goodbye, boys!", "Youth of our fathers", "lullaby", "Price" etc.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/16042-kalik.html
BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/31198-shto-takoe-kalik-to-br-use-znachenn-getyh-slo.html
DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/30867-was-ist-kalik-und-kaliki-alle-werte-dieser-w-rter.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/17649-kalik.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/15703-kalik-kalika.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/31518-b-l-kalik-zh-ne-kaliki-barly-m-nder-osy-s-zderd.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/32307-o-que-kalik-e-kaliki-todos-os-valores-destas-palavras.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/27912-nedir-kalik-ve-kaliki-t-m-bu-kelimelerin-anlamlar-n.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/31745-scho-take-kal-k-kal-ki-vs-znachennya-cih-sl-v.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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