In the early 20th century in Russia, the main stood the agrarian question. At that time, the tsarist government followed economic policies that were aimed largely at maintaining the nobility of land are in decline. The government sought to actively intervene in the relationship between peasant and landowner, by resorting to various measures to “police” the aim is to weaken the peasant opposition, protecting the landlord's interests.
After the convocation of the New Duma the Chairman of the Council of Ministers is appointed Pyotr Stolypin. The position, which was then Russia demanded radical changes. A person who would be able to implement them, and became Stolypin. Changes began in the early 1900s.
The Agrarian reform of Stolypin was carried out on the basis of the decree of 1906 9 November.
The aims of the new changes have had some.
Stolypin Reforms, first and foremost, was aimed at creating in the villages solid Foundation of strong owners who would support the autocracy. To achieve this was to split the peasantry. In other words, good farm, split off from the main mass, had to withstand the onslaught of the revolution in the village.
The Second objective pursued by Stolypin's reforms, the socio - economic – was to seek to destroy the community, to develop the private sector. Labour caught in abundance, were intended for the maintenance is rapidly evolving in the city of industry.
The Third objective – economic – was to ensure the development of agriculture and further industrialization in the country.
Thus, Stolypin and his reforms would eliminate the gap between Russia and advanced countries in the world.
Changes had to be made on the scheme, including consistent and interrelated activities. The main areas of Stolypin's reforms was:
- the formation of private property;
- bridging communities;
- education of the peasant Bank;
- the cooperative movement;
- relocation of peasants;
- agricultural activities.
By the decree of November 9, introduced significant changes in peasant land tenure. The people have the right of exit from communities assigned to every published piece of land. It should be noted that not all farmers agree on the changes ahead. The government therefore took steps to eliminate violent communities.
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According to the instructions of the king in 1906-07 years the Bank received a portion of the appanage and state lands. The plots were meant to be sold to compensate the land shortage. The peasants were quite significantly reduced credit, they seemed to benefit. With the help of the Bank actively carried out the impact. So, for the farmers, bought the land to private use, the payments decreased.
The Peasants were also granted the right of resettlement without any limitation. Thus did government appropriations per device people in new places. Resettled farmers were provided with medical care, funded by public spending, construction of roads.
Credit relations allowed for the development of consumer, sales, production cooperatives. Peasants were created, oily, and dairy cooperatives, consumer shops, agricultural companies.
The Main obstacle to the development of economic progress was considered the low culture of farming, as well as the illiteracy of most manufacturers. In the course of reform farmers received large-scale assistance in the form of a specially formed agricultural services. The work of these organizations was aimed at training the introduction of advanced and learning the intricacies of the existing forms of production.
Despite the magnitude of the projected changes, they failed. Reasons due to which the intended course was not implemented, considered many factors. Among them, of course, the death of Stolypin. In addition, historians have noted the limitations of the peasantry, his unwillingness to change. However, if Stolypin's reforms were carried out, according to researchers, Russia would have avoided the October Revolution.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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