Leonid Brezhnev: the funeral, the date, photos

In 1982, at his dacha "the District–6” died Brezhnev. The funeral was the most pompous character in the history of the USSR, to say goodbye to the President of the socialist Republic attended by representatives of 35 countries.

A short biography of Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Brezhnev was born at Kamenskoye Ukraine on December 19 in 1906. For 18 years he headed the higher posts in the USSR. Future Secretary-General was the eldest son in a family of workers, after him were born Jacob and Faith. In 1915, he entered the gymnasium, from which he graduated in 1921. In 1923 he was accepted into the Komsomol. 1927 he graduated from the geodetic technical school, after graduation worked as a surveyor, first at home, then was transferred to the Urals.

In 1935 he graduated from the evening faculty of DMI (metallurgical Institute) with a diploma of engineer. He served in the red army political instructor until 1936, where he graduated from courses of motorization, after received the rank of Lieutenant. In 1950, he worked as the first Secretary of the Central Committee of Moldavia, in 1954 he was transferred to Kazakhstan. In 1964 he participated in the group offset N. S. Khrushchev from his post, and even offered physical safeguards to eliminate.

In the same 1964 October 14, Brezhnev was elected first Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. According to Biryukov, the appointment was intended as a temporary measure prior to selecting a permanent General Secretary. But Leonid Ilyich has launched an extensive programme to return to Leninist principles, and after a few months, no one thought about removing the head of state.

Nerve-racking

Stalin singled out his fellow ascetic of the numerous guard for his phenomenal performance, but constantly monitored the activities of Leonid Brezhnev. The period when Leonid Brezhnev occupied the post of Director of a metallurgical plant, were filled with the night calls, regular stress and fatigue. According to his wife, Victoria Petrovna, not to fall out of “cage”, her husband worked for days. The constant tension, which did not allow to relax even for a day, a huge number of cigarettes smoked undermined the health of Brezhnev. Mikhail Zhikharev, who worked with him in Kazakhstan, recalled that Leonid Brezhnev fainted from fatigue, he was taken to the hospital, but after a few hours he was again in the workplace.

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Along with the constant fatigue, the health of Brezhnev undermined by fear. The unpredictable nature of Stalin, scheming companions and the constant attention of people to his activities at some point broke this energetic person. Still, Stalin favored an active collaborator, he said: the most loyal person – Brezhnev. The funeral of Stalin, his idol and mentor, Leonid Ilyich suffered a sudden blow from behind. At the funeral he was crying, not hiding their emotions.

Personal memoirs from the diary, the first stroke occurred in 1959 after a sharp conversation with Kirichenko A. I. the Whole situation was complicated by the fact that Brezhnev himself was not fond of hospitals and doctors. He was considered a difficult patient difficult to keep in bed. In 1968, the Secretary General takes a hypertensive crisis at the Kremlin, the hospital refuses and tries to work on. Began as a result of problems of the vocal apparatus. In 1974, the historians observed the sunset independent policy Brezhnev.

Dead of Night

On the Morning of 10 November, Victoria Petrovna, the wife of Brezhnev, got up at 8 to nurse injected her with insulin. Leonid Ilyich lay on her side, and she did not to Wake him. Mr Sobachenko, the personal guard of the General Secretary, went to him 20 minutes later, opened the curtains of the bedroom, turned on the small light. Upon closer inspection, the young man realized that the Secretary was not breathing and immediately called to the intensive care unit. The doctor Chazov E. I. went 12 minutes before the ambulance by car. The doctor personally said about her husband's death Victoria Brezhneva and asked the guard to inform about the tragic event of the highest authority.

Gain V. (member of the Central Committee of the CPSU) commented:

“I was struck by the fact that in the night of death in the country don't have health post’.

Medvedev, V. (personal protection) recalls:

“We knew that a matter of days. Everyone wanted did not happen on his shift”.

Date of the funeral of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was appointed by a special decree of 15 November.

November 11, 1982

This day the country did not know about the death of the General Secretary. The official notification was released only on November 12, but we all felt that something had happened. At 12 o'clock urgently canceled all the classes overlap stations and Red square. On the TV, change of programs, instead of entertaining films and scheduled a concert put historical drama and ballet.

Immediately created the Commission on “the Kremlin's funeral". Brezhnev moved to city mortuary where his dress and apply make-up. Responsible for the event is scheduled Andropov, as the successor Secretary General.

People's tragedy

12 Nov at 10 am on television, it was announced the news of the death of Leonid Brezhnev. In the camp, the mourning, cancelled all events. The Brezhnev era is over. The people of Russia, despite the inappropriate jokes about the enlargement of the Breasts for orders and sluggish diction, loved the Secretary General. That's when it began to flourish journalism and publishing, after the strict censorship of Stalin. Though the family did not know the price of the products, Leonid Brezhnev requested statistics every week andknew how much a kilo of tomatoes. His most ardent desire was to prove to the world that under socialism people can live in prosperity.

But, remembering the terrible crush at the funeral of Stalin, which killed many people, the government closed all the roads to Moscow. To honor the memory could only elected citizens and representatives of foreign States. Brezhnev's funeral which struck the imagination with its scale, significance and scope of the ceremony of mourning, in his last the path went under the sad thoughts of impending changes in the country.

Course of the funeral (phase 1)

From November 12 to 15, inclusive, in the country the mourning is declared. Prohibited the holding of any events, closed schools, kindergartens, businesses and factories. On television and radio cancelled all of the programs broadcast classical ballet.

Chronicle of the funeral, Brezhnev begins with a farewell in the House of Unions. In the hall of columns could come any one to Express their last respects to the Secretary General of the vast country. To honor the memory arrived the delegation of India, headed Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the organizations for the liberation of Palestine Yasser Arafat.

On 15 November from 5.00 am to 11.00 am – watch of honorary mourning of members of the Politburo, outstanding figures of art and culture, representatives and Ministers of economic sectors. To honor the memory arrived metropolitans Pimen and Filaret. The coffin was decorated with ribbons mourning the values of 40 inches and thousands of wreaths.

From 11.00 am to 11.20 near the deceased remained only a family, wife Victoria Petrovna, daughter Galina, son George, brother Jacob and sister of Faith.

At 11.30 am to the sounds of the funeral March a coffin was placed on the gun carriage and slowly carried from the hall on Red square. The first in a farewell motorcade were family members, colleagues of the General Secretary, Politburo members, and state party leaders. Before the deceased was carrying wreaths and ribbons and numerous awards.

At 12: 45 the coffin was lowered into the grave. The national anthem, after a salute of artillery, humming factories, machines, sirens are activated on the railroad and Wharf – a symbol that Brezhnev died. The funeral moving to the second stage.

Course of the funeral (phase 2)

13.00 party leaders and leaders rise to the Mausoleum. Begins the parade of troops of the Moscow garrison.

A Rally of mourning opened Andropov, followed by farewell speeches were made by other colleagues of the General Secretary. After the representatives of foreign countries came to the tomb to pay tribute to the great man.

The Whole country live watched is sent to his last journey Brezhnev, Leonid. The funeral was broadcast on the first channel of Ostankino television and radio.

The Myth and the real curiosities

The First patch in the ceremony was the situation with medals. Traditionally, every medal is a medal must be submitted on a separate pillow. But the rewards were many, so I decided to make a few orders, than reduced Brezhnev's funeral. Leonid Brezhnev, in spite of the ridicule, not only loved to order, but with the same pleasure was awarded them.

The Second myth the fallen coffin refute all personally present at the ceremony. According to them, the strike, which on TV sounds like the sound of the fallen object is a gun volley that accompanied the burial and funeral of Leonid Brezhnev. “Dropped the coffin” is implausible legend.