A Comma – the most simple and prosaic, but at the same time and the most insidious sign. Production entails understanding how it is constructed and structured, and what meanings appear and disappear, if it is wrong to put a comma. Certainly, in small article it is impossible to describe in which cases is a comma and list everything, focus only on the most common and simple.
A Correct statement commas in a simple sentence begins with knowing the rules that the homogeneous members of the sentence should be comma separated:
I love, love, adore cats.
I love cats, dogs, horses.
Difficulties arise when between the homogeneous members of the proposals should the Union «and». The rule is simple: if the Union is single, the comma is not needed:
I love dogs, cats and horses.
If unions are more than one, a comma is placed before the second Union, and further:
I love dogs, cats, and horses.
Otherwise, a comma before the Union “and”. The rule dictates the production of a sign in any case and also applies to Union “but”, and Union “Yes” to the value “but”
My neighbor does not love dogs and cats.
Cats love careful people, but avoid noisy and angry.
The Difficulty with where you need a comma, there, and when we are talking about the definition. But here all is simple.
If a single definition is a personal pronoun, it is separated by a comma:
Satisfied, she walked into the room and showed purchase.
I saw this dog. She rejoicing, wagged his tail, shook and all the time jumping on the host.
If you memorize the rules about which cases is a comma, then the third item should be a separate definition.
Under a separate definition means primarily involved in trafficking. It is separated by commas in the case when followed by the word to which it refers:
Boy, after reading books on travel, will never pass indifferently by a travel Agency or by the store with tents and lanterns.
The Cat barely waited for the food, now purred gently and looked at master.
Wed:
Having read books of travels he will never be deceived by a travel Agency or by the store with tents and lanterns.
Hardly wait for the treats the cat now purring and affectionately looked at the owner.
Commas in simple and complex sentence, separated by a single gerund and participial turnover:
Paulikas, there was a cat on my lap.
Dog, poricha, nevertheless calmed down and let us talk.
Making a number of comments about the new project, the chief departed.
Introduction – these are the words which shows the accuracy of the information, its source or relationship to the information of the speaker.
These are words that can potentially be deployed in the sentence:
This artist is, of course, won the hearts of all his contemporaries.
Natasha, it seems, is not going to take care of his father.
Leonid, apparently, does not know why about him in the last time there was so many people.
If there is an appeal, and it's not a pronoun, then it must be separated by commas on both sides.
Hello, dear Leo!
Goodbye, Lidia Borisovna.
You Know, Mary, what I want to say?
Linda, me!
Unfortunately, not knowing in which cases is a comma when treatment often leads to illiteracy of the design business letters. Among these errors and skip the comma when you call, and setting the extra comma when the pronoun:
Good afternoon Paul E.! (Need: Good afternoon, Paul E.!)
Svetlana Borisovna we have prepared for You our new samples. (To: Svetlana Borisovna, we have prepared for You our new samples.)
As You guess this contract it is advisable to conclude? (To How do You expect this contract it is advisable to conclude?)
In General, all rules concerning in which cases is a comma in a complex sentence are, in fact, to one: all parts of a complex sentence should be separated from other punctuation.
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The Comma in a complex sentence, is in all cases, in addition to combining the words, and if at the junction of the parts of a sentence are not neededanother sign, first of all – a colon.
If part of the compound sentences together in some one word (e.g., subordinating conjunction) is the comma between the parts of the sentence is not put:
When spring came and the birds flew, our company is somehow revived.
Wed.: a Spring Came, birds flew, and our company is somehow revived.
This word may not be only at the beginning of the sentence:
We go to this meeting only as a last resort, only if all conditions are agreed and the text of the Treaty is agreed upon.
In the asyndetic complex sentence, the comma should be a colon, if the meaning of the first part the second reveals:
It was a wonderful time: we drew what we wanted.
Now he proceeded to the main point: he was making a gift for mom.
The Dog no longer wanted to go: the owners are so intimidated by her training, that it was easier to sit under the table.
Many of the errors concerning, in some cases, a comma, arise from misunderstanding the difference between the two meanings of the word “how”.
The First meaning of the word – comparative. In this case, in the sentence the comparative turnover separated by commas:
A leaf like butterfly, rose higher and higher.
Second value – an indication of the identity. In such cases, the turnover with “how” is not allocated by commas:
The Butterfly as an insect is of little interest to people who are used to see in animals a source of heat and communication.
Therefore, the sentence: “I like your mom won't let you spoil your life” can be decorated in two ways punctuation. If the speaker – Mama do the listening, then the word “how” is used as a word indicating the identity (“I” and “mom” is one and the same), so commas are not needed.
If the speaker compares himself to a mother listening to (“I” and “mom” is not the same thing, “I” is compared to” with ‘mother”), then commas are needed:
I, as your mother, will not allow you to spoil your life.
If “how” is part of the predicate, a comma is not put also:
The Lake like a mirror. (SR.: The lake, like a mirror, shone and reflected the clouds).
Music is like life. (Music, like life, does not last forever.)
To Pay attention to the cases in which a comma will help the special features of the proposals. However, it doesn't cost them too much trust.
For example, it first of all concerns is whether the comma before the “to”. The rule would seem clear: “Before “to” always put a comma”. However, to any rule need not be taken too literally. For example, a sentence with “to” can be:
He wanted to talk to her to learn the truth and to talk about how life is lived.
As you can see, the rule works here, however, the second “to” does not involve the comma. However, this error is quite common:
We went to the store to just to check prices and to see what all you can buy for lunch in the city.
Right: We went to the store to just to check prices and to see what is for dinner in the city.
The same applies to the words “like”. We have already mentioned that, firstly, the word has two meanings, and secondly, it can be part of different sentences, so trust common wording “Before “like” there is always comma” is not necessary.
The Third common case of formal signs necessary comma – the word “Yes”. However, it should be treated with great caution. The word “Yes” has several meanings, including – “and”
He Took a brush and went to draw.
Flocked crows Yes, crows and Tits like there was no and no.
For such formal signs should rather be treated as potentially “threat” places. Words like “to”, “whatever”, “how”, “Yes” can signal that the proposal can be comma. These “signals” instead of missing commas in sentences rule for these signs themselves, nor in the circumstances should not be overlooked.
When placing commas, rather, to focus not on the “rules”, and the formulation of sign. Comma in General is designed to separate homogeneous parts of the sentence parts complex sentences, and fragments that do not fit into the structure of the sentence, which is to him alien (addresses, introductory words, etc.). Rules only konkretisiert each case. This is true even of the formula “need a comma before the “below””. The rule is actually konkretisiert General principle of design punctuation of complex sentences. And, of course, when writing you need to think!
Article in other languages:
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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/35223-u-yak-h-vypadkah-stav-cca-koska-kosk-skazah-prav-ly.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/20058-in-which-cases-is-a-comma-commas-in-sentences-rules.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/18071-in-which-cases-is-a-comma-commas-in-sentences-rules.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/35519-anday-zha-dayda-t-r-oyylady-t-r-s-ylemdeg-erezhes.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/4830-in-which-cases-is-a-comma-commas-in-sentences-rules.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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