In the financial sector there are many terms to denote the operations. One of them is a credit note. This tool is used in transactions between suppliers and buyers in international trade. Organizations that build business not only in Russia but also abroad, it should be understood that such a credit note.
The Expansion of trade relations promotes the use of new tools. One of them is a credit note. What is it in simple words? In international trade, the so-called settlement document, which the supplier issues to the buyer, giving the latter a certain amount of money on credit. Let's try to break the term into parts.
The Credit note is a notice, certificate, issued by the supplier in the event of a change of the client's debt. Document obtains legal force only upon the occurrence of certain circumstances spelled out in the contract, and is used to modify the original terms of the transaction.
Providers use the credit note to increase the motivation of the buyer by:
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The Credit note is a great way to get discounts. The dealer will be able to buy more and more products, and the manufacturer - to increase the volume of production. A significant advantage of this scheme is that the buyers are not unable to dump because they don't know whether the plan will receive the discount. In this case, the credit note is considered as an added bonus that the buyer can receive after fulfilling the conditions of the contract. In such situations, a credit note in accounting is not reflected. Its fixation is made additional agreement.
The Provider by the end of the quarter offers a discount in the form of credit notes to customers. To get the bonus, you need to buy goods worth at least 20 million rubles. In this case, gets 3 % discount. One of the buyers over the quarter acquired products to 22 million rubles, Respectively, the provider gave him a credit note for 660 thousand.
The Credit note is an instrument for the repayment of reciprocal obligations to the buyer. To pay for unanticipated, additional costs of return of defective products, the supplier may:
In domestic practice, the latter method is rarely used because the IRS may not accept this document for the repayment of obligations including VAT and will consider the operation “debt forgiveness". So interpreted the term in article 415 of the civil code, the Ministry of Finance Letter No. 02-3-08/84 25.07.2002
The Problem with using credit notes can occur if:
There is a possibility of discounting needs to be spelled out in the original contract.
When you pay the advances to suppliers non-resident is not a problem. Because payment is made before delivery, the defects are not talking. Bank this operation removes the control at the time of importation of the products after obtaining the relevant information about the operation. The fact of registration of the credit note will be recorded after deregistration.
This is not the situation if there is a partial payment for the goods. After submitting a credit note, exchange controls would verify the transaction. In this case reduced the amount owed to the supplier, which have already been registered. Unfortunately, a clear legislation on the regulation of this process do not exist.
TO BA the amount of discount granted reduces the debt of the seller, the contract price is not changed. This part of the payables included in non-operating income. This operation is reflected in the accounting the following posting: ДТ60 КТ91-1. VAT on previously purchased products when discount is to be restored. To this end, the balance is used wiring: ДТ19 КТ68. The amount of the tax is reflected in other expenses for tax purposes. Most likely, the validity of the VAT recovery will have to defend in court.
The Algorithms account for transactions from the buyer to BA depends on:
The following table displays the transactions for the account of credit notes by the purchaser.
Actual implementation | Elimination of debt | Adjustment of VAT |
Shipment is not made | ДТ41 КТ60 | ДТ19 КТ60 - reversal ДТ68 КТ19 - recovery |
The product implemented in the reporting period | ДТ90-2 КТ41 - cost adjustment; | ДТ41 КТ60 — the adjustment of debt |
The Goods shipped in the past year | ДТ60 КТ91,1 - reduction of debt owed to supplier | ДТ91-2 КТ68 |
The Seller after issuing a credit note should:
If the buyer already paid for the product on which discount, the seller may not return the funds, and to take them into account as advance payment for future delivery.
If the buyer already has the right of ownership of the goods he needs:
The Buyer need to prepare full package of documents to justify the implementation of zero profitability.
The post credit notes in domestic practice has not yet adjusted. Therefore, for the registration of mutual settlements with counterparties inside the side, you should always use a standard accounting documents. If no credit note is not obtained to issue international economic transactions, it is necessary to prescribe in the contract the possibility of using this tool. After the formation of the credit note the supplier and the buyer must conduct accounting relevant posting and alter the credit documents, particularly the invoice.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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