What is inventory accounting? Methods of inventory accounting. Registration, responsibilities, programs

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2019-06-22 00:00:29

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Successful work of the enterprise consists of the total impact of various factors and proper key functions. It is worth noting that a proper inventory can be attributed to one of the basic conditions for stable operation of the company.

Inventory

This concept is used to determine the permanent quantitative and varietal accounting carried out in the warehouse. Without regard to the goods placed in the warehouse, it is difficult to ensure their safety. For such a process is used card inventory of materials, which is an approved law form for the recording of movements on the stock materials of the individual form, size and variety. They filled in for each item number of the material. Their conduct involved the person in charge, such as warehouse Manager or the storekeeper.

inventory

Before you trust the storekeeper inventories of the enterprise, he, as a rule, a contract. It describes the types of work that the employee performs and the degree of responsibility in case of loss or damage to the products stored in the warehouse.

Organization inventory

Well-organized accounting of the materials at the warehouse is very important and necessary segment of the organization. For efficient operation of a warehouse used two common accounting systems: batch and cultivar. But irrespective of the fact how the choice will be made, materially responsible employees will keep a record of the company's products in kind. This procedure is carried out through the use of commodity credit and debit orders.

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If you take into account the information contain manuals on accounting of material-industrial stocks of the company, it is possible to conclude that analytical accounting of inventories is carried out through the use of a balance method or the reverse of the invoices. In these approaches, the accounting is performed separately for each storage location, and also within them with fixing item numbers, different commodity groups, synthetic and sub-accounts.

Using the card

The Warehouse account of materials, the basis for which are balance lists, In most cases involves the use of two aforementioned methods. This allows you to optimize warehouse work and achieve higher levels of productivity.

inventory control of materials

The first option is used card inventory, which is opened on every kind of material goods stored in the warehouse. Displays accrual information, that, in fact, is the movement of materials. The basis for filling such cards are the primary accounting documents.

Maintain inventory with the help of the cards also show the balances on the first number and the calculation of turnover for the month. With the help of such documentation is the preparation of working capital statements for each warehouse separately. Besides, the data of those cards that are in the accounting Department, reconciled with the records held in the warehouse.

This option is Possible in which the card account is not maintained in the accounting Department. In this case, the expenditure and receipt documentation is grouped by item number. After using these documents is the calculation of totals for the month, while data on expenditures and receipts are recorded separately. Further, this information appears in the balances. Those residues that were reported in these statements are compared with the balances recorded in the cards of warehouse accounting.

Trial Balance accounting

This form of inventory is different from the previous one. The key difference is that the quality and amount accounting in the context of inventories in accounting is not conducted. Balances, respectively, are also not compiled.

In this type of organization of work of warehouse accounting inventory produced in the context of sub-accounts, product categories and balance sheet accounts that are used for accounting of commodity-material values exclusively in monetary terms. Accounting is done by responsible persons. This process uses the stock Ledger or the corresponding journal.

stock Ledger

With regard to accounting, it deals with the acceptance of primary accounting documentation from responsible officers and subsequently checks the data received. When the process of verification is completed, those residues, which were recorded on the first, transferred to the balance sheet.

Accounting

Trade and warehouse in this case, organized in such a way that the specific batch of goods is stored separately. Each storekeeper writes the batch map in two copies. To register such cards and use a special book. This room adopted the party is the registration number in this book. After making the desired information, one copy transferred to the accounting Department and the other remains in a warehouse and performs the function of the register inventory.

It is Worth noting the fact that the party is determined by the goods and materials by the same name. This product must be supplied by one supplier. Whatthe number of deliveries, they may be several.

When filling out a batch of cards, a warehouse worker must indicate the date of her room, completing the act of acceptance of the goods, mode of transport, supplier details, number and date, invoice number, product name, place of departure, as well as mass and class.

trade and warehouse

Inventory control of materials that uses the batch method, involves the reflection at the time of release of goods date of this action, the rooms are a consumable commodity document, mode of transport, name of the recipient, the amount and variety of released products. At the same time, in the expenditure document indicate the number of the batch card.

When all stocks of a particular party are used up, the warehouse Manager, and merchandiser sign the map and transmit it to the accounting Department, where it will later be checked.

It is Possible that during the inspection will be identified shortfall. In this case, inventory accounting involves the following steps: the accountant before the next inventory write off the shortfall on the costs of treatment, but only under the condition that it was within the norms of natural loss. If standards were exceeded, the shortfall should be recovered from those persons who bear material responsibility for the products stored in the warehouse.

It is Also worth considering the information that the batch system inventory includes the preparation of the act on the exhausted batch of goods and materials.

How to use inventory journals in varietal registration?

If you use this method of accounting, the storekeeper opens one or more pages in the trademark journal for each class and the name of the product. Also may be a separate card. The number of pages depends on the volume of operations on reception and consumption.

organization inventory

In the header of a card or journal page, specify the part number, name, grade, and other characteristics that distinguish a specific product. The remaining space on the page is used to reflect income, expense and residual products.

Book inventory (log) is required for capturing data when submitting each reimbursement or expense document.

The Legislation allows the use of various forms of journals. As example, the item worksheet in the form N MX-2. Lead it owes the storekeeper or other responsible person. The basis for filling in are the instruments of receiving and issuing of goods and materials taken previously deposited. In this journal the following particulars:

- the date when goods and materials were accepted for storage;

- the unit that gave the warehouse inventory values;

- name, price, quantity, unit of measurement of inventories;

- the number and date of documents used during the issuance and acceptance of products;

- a storage location.

In order that the goods were accepted for storage and subsequently issued, you need certification of the appropriate documentation signed by the storekeeper and warehouse Manager.

To Properly organize inventory accounting quantitative type, where Recorded the traffic and leftovers to help different types of commercial magazines, which keep records of inventory in storage areas, as well as fixation of consumption. Such information can also be displayed in the form of statements.

How is the write-down of inventories?

Trade and warehouse inevitably connected with such phenomena as aging goods and also the reduction in demand or loss of quality. These problems cannot be ignored, and to solve them effectively use the process of markdowns. Its design will need to act financially markdown-trade values.

inventory control

To draw up and sign it in two copies. Doing it the responsible person representing a special Commission. One copy remains at the head of the warehouse (it needs to be stored), the second is sent to the accounting Department. In some situations, one instance can be attached to the invoice. This is done for the subsequent transfer of this document organization engaged in the sale of discounted goods, or to return to the manufacturer.

The warehouse management System

One of the key objectives of any business is the automation and optimization of all internal processes of the enterprise. This will save time and improve quality of service.

The Warehouse is no exception. In order to speed up various processes related to the reception and consumption of the goods used by the storekeeping system. She may have a different appearance and structure, but the function of this software remain unchanged.

form inventory

We are Talking about the following possibilities:

the distribution of goods in a warehouse for the storage bins, parties and responsible persons;

- possibility of dynamic conversion of the stock;

- the tracking of goods along the routes of movement;

- the use of different methods of pricing of goods;

- inventory and subsequent formation of relevant reporting in accordance with its results;

- formation of incoming warehouse orders.

- revaluation of goods because of various factors,the formative value;

- managing the warehouse.

Well-written program, the inventory allows to establish effective operation of the transit warehouse and storage space, with a common purpose. Also practiced the use of electronic analogue card inventory, which has all the relevant filters. We are talking about the tracking information in the following areas:

- the currency used for payment (for the collation report, the act of excess and shortage reports, actual availability, etc.);

- party products, shelf life, expiry date of the certificate;

- different types of operations with goods and materials;

- purpose

- re-grading;

- the materially responsible person;

- the operation, staffing and dismantling of tangible assets warehouse.

Typically, such an automated inventory accounting is being finalized by the developer taking into account the individual characteristics of the specific client business.

Current programs

For efficient operation of the warehouse can be used by various software. But one of the most popular options is a “1C Inventory control”. This software has certain advantages, which attracts many companies that integrate this program in their warehouses.

Key functions are as follows:

- quick and timely accounting of material values, when they come and move;

- accurate maintenance of all warehouse documentation;

timely and convenient inventory log (cards);

- all necessary tools for the correct carrying out of inventory;

- the representation and processing of system storage space.

With the help of this software you can efficiently cover a few areas of economic activity of the enterprise. It is about managing rules of sales, inventory, financial, procurement and delivery of goods. The main advantages of 1C can be attributed to the ease of use of the program, the possibility of its correction taking into account the specific needs of the organization and full compliance with Russian legislation.

program inventory

Optionally, you can also use other programs: ‘Supersklad”, “Commodity-money-commodity” and others.

Conclusion

It is Obvious that the work of the warehouse plays an important role in building efficient operations of the company. Therefore, the level of organization of warehouse functions depends on the quality of service, speed of delivery and condition of the sales process as a whole. Thus, any company that is interested in building a successful sales cycle and delivery of the products should efficiently organize the accounting of the goods.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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