Functions of bile in digestion

Bile is a secret the liver cells hepatocytes. It accumulates in small bile ducts and then enters the common bile duct and through it into the gallbladder and the 12-duodenum. Functions of the bile to the body are of great importance. One of its primary functions is participation in the processes of digestion.

Where it is stored bile?

Gall bladder is storage tank for bile. In the active phase of digestion, when the stomach, 12-duodenum receives partially digested food, there is allocated its maximum number. The main functions of human bile is involved in digestion and stimulation of secretory activity and motility in the small intestine, which also provides the processing of food bolus.

Bile, which is secreted in the digestive tract from the gallbladder is called Mature, and secreted directly by the liver - young, or liver.

The Process of choleresis and biliary excretion

The Process of developing secret hepatocytes (Hyeres) is continuous. They are filtering a number of substances from the blood into the bile capillaries. Further, due to the reabsorption of water and mineral salts is the final formation of the composition of the secretory fluid. This process is performed in the bile ducts and gall bladder. The right part of the bile enters the intestines, it is called hepatic or young. But its main mass is accumulated in the gall bladder, where in the bile ducts. Gallbladder bile accumulates, it becomes thick and concentrated. It is darker than the liver.

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The day the hepatic cells in the adult produce about two liters of secret. On an empty stomach he almost enters the intestines. After the meal is biliary excretion (holkins) in the 12-duodenum. There is a bile performs the function of the digestive and bacteriostatic and regulatory. Ie itself is a regulator of the process of choleresis and biliary excretion.

Thus, the more bile acids excreted into the portal blood flow (portal vein), the higher their concentration in bile composition and, consequently, less is synthesized by hepatocytes. Functions of bile and pancreatic juice is key in digestion.

Composition of bile

The Main component of bile are bile acids. The majority (67 %) are cholic acid and henodeauxiholeva. The remaining acid - secondary, i.e. the derivatives of these two acids: deoxycholic, allaoleva, litojolevu and ursodeoxycholic.

All bile acids are in this secret in the form of compounds with taurine and glycine. The content of a large number of sodium and potassium ions gives the alkaline reaction of the bile.

In addition, the composition of bile includes some organic matter:

• Phospholipids.
• Protein compounds, namely immunoglobulins a and M.
• Bilirubin and biliverdin (bile pigments).
• Cholesterol.
• Mucin.
• Lecithin.

And ions of some metals (zinc, copper, lead, magnesium, indium, mercury), vitamins A, b, C.

All of the above components are part and liver and gallbladder bile, but the first concentration is about 5 times lower than in the second.

Functions bile

They are mostly associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Functions of bile in digestion associated with a number of enzymatic reactions.

1. Under its influence occurs emulsification of fats, thus helping their absorption.
2. It neutralizes the harmful effects of pepsin (the main component of gastric juice), which can destroy the pancreatic enzymes.
3. Stimulates motility of the small intestine.
4. Stimulates the production of mucus.
5. Activates the production of hormones gastrointestinalny: secretin and cholecystokinin that are produced by cells of the small intestine and contribute to the secretory regulation of the pancreas.
6. Prevents adhesion (adhesion) of bacteria and protein components.
7. Has an antiseptic effect on the intestines and takes part in the formation of feces.

Thus, the function of bile in digestion cannot be overemphasized. It is because of the bile digestive process begun in the stomach, continues and ends successfully in the intestines.

The importance of the bile to the human body

So, we found that the main functions of bile are associated with the digestive process. What happens if for some reason it changes the composition of bile or it does not enters into the digestive tract? The lack or absence of it leads to serious diseases.

• Cholelithiasis.
• Steatorrhea.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), etc.

Cholelithiasis

This condition may occur due to an unbalanced composition of bile. This is called bile lithogenic. Such properties it may acquire with regular errors in the diet, namely if the food is dominated by animal fats. Functions of bile the liver can be affected in result of endocrine diseases. In addition, lithogenic properties liver this secret may acquire as a result of violations of lipid metabolism that usually accompanied by an increase inthe body weight of the patient. The reason for changing the composition of bile may also become infectious and toxic liver damage or insufficiently active lifestyle (physical inactivity).

Steatorrhea

As mentioned above, the functions of bile are associated with the emulsification of fats. If for some reason the bile ceases to flow into the small intestines, absorb fats not occurs and they begin to stand out with the feces. The same problem may occur when you lack this liver secret bile acids (changing their composition). The stool becomes white or gray oily consistency. This condition is called steatorrhea. In this disease the body lacks vital fats, fatty acids and certain vitamins. As a result of steatorrhea suffer lower intestine, because they are not adapted to such a chyme.

How to investigate bile?

In order to explore the composition and functions of bile, mnogokomponentnogo apply the method of fractional duodenal intubation. This procedure consists of five stages:

1. Basal secretion of bile is secretion of the common bile duct and duodenum 12. Lasts about 15 minutes.
2. Phase secretory pause or a closed sphincter of Oddi. The duration of this phase for 3 minutes.
3. Phase allocation of residual bile portion A. it takes around 5 minutes.
4. Phase selection gallbladder bile portion B. This period lasts for about 30 minutes.
5. The Secretion of bile hepatic portion C. This phase lasts about 20 minutes.

So, get 3 portions of bile. They all differ in composition. The most concentrated bile of the gallbladder portion of the V. it contained the highest amount of fatty acids, bilirubin and other bile components.

This method allows to determine the physical properties of bile, its composition, the volume of the gallbladder, as the bile ducts and to detect the localization of the pathological process.