Digestive problems: causes, symptoms and treatment. Diseases of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system are familiar to even young children. Adults face this problem quite often. Violation of the gastrointestinal tract could be due to overeating or consuming stale food. Unfortunately, digestive disorders are not perfect. In some cases they are associated with the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. For digestive problems indicate symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, changes in stool. Similar manifestations associated with acute inflammatory processes and chronic diseases. If you experience symptoms of gastro-intestinal disorders should consult a doctor.

How is the digestive process normal?

As you know, the digestive system consists of many bodies linked together. It starts at the mouth and passes through the torso, ending with the anus. Normal all stages of the digestion process are carried out sequentially. Food first enters the mouth. There it is crushed with teeth. In addition, the mouth is present the enzyme-amylase of saliva, which is involved in the breakdown of food. The result is a lump of crushed products – the chyme. It passes through the esophagus and into the gastric cavity. Here, chyme is treated with hydrochloric acid. The result is the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The pancreas produces enzymes that enter the lumen of the duodenum. They provide further decomposition of organic substances.

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Digestive system is not only in the grinding of food eaten. Through the digestive tract nutrients penetrate into the bloodstream. The absorption of amino acids, fats and glucose occurs in the small intestine. From there, the nutrients penetrate into the vascular system and are carried throughout the body. In the colon absorbed water and vitamins. There is the formation of feces. Peristalsis contributes to their promotion and development.

Digestive Problems: causes disorders

Violation of any phase of the digestive process leads to the development of disorders. It can develop for various reasons. In most cases, to the disruption of the digestive tract leads to penetration of bacterial or viral agents. The pathogens begin to multiply rapidly and damage the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. This, in turn, leads to inflammatory reactions. As a result, the digestive process slows down or is disrupted. The causes of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract include:

1. Inflammatory diseases: gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, enteritis, and colitis.
2. Chronic destructive lesions of the digestive tract. These include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
3. Tumors that can develop from any organ of the digestive system.
4. Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. The Violation of the innervation of the digestive system.
6. Parasitic infestation.
7. Eating disorders.
8. Bad habits. Alcohol leads to damage to the pancreas and liver. Smoking is one of the factors causing the development of ulcers on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.
9. Injury.

To determine the reason for the disorder, should be examined. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures to determine source of disease.

Causes of digestive disorders in children

In children digestive problems often occur. They can be associated with different factors. Among them – hereditary abnormalities, improper feeding, worm infestation, infectious disease, etc. In some cases, to resolve the problem, requiring urgent surgical care. The causes of digestive disorders in children include:

1. Inherited disorders of the exocrine glands-cystic fibrosis.
2. Developmental Abnormalities of the digestive tract.
3. A Spasm or stenosis of the pyloric part of the stomach.
4. Feeding of the young child excessively dense food.
5. Poisoning stale or spoiled food.
6. Infection of various pathogenic bacteria into the digestive tract with food.
7. Helminth infection.

Only a doctor can figure out: why is there a problem with digestion in children. Some pathology can lead to death, therefore, require the urgent assistance of a doctor.

Varieties of diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of the digestive system are classified by the cause, the source of development of pathological conditions, methods of the required treatment. Distinguish surgical and therapeutic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. In the first case, recovery can be achieved only through surgical intervention. Therapeutic disease treated using medications.

Surgical pathologies of the digestive system include:

1. Acute appendicitis. Is characterized by inflammation of the vermiformof the cecum.
2. Calculous cholecystitis. Characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder.
3. Acute intestinal obstruction caused by various reasons. Most often, the stagnation of fecal matter occurs when obstruction of the digestive tract tumor formation, parasites, or calculi. From children to of intestinal obstruction result in pathologies like intussusception of the intestine, megacolon, cystic fibrosis, Hirschsprung's disease.
4. Peritonitis-inflammation of the peritoneum.
5. Acute pancreatitis.

Therapeutic diseases of the digestive system – acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the stomach and intestines and poisoning. Injuries can be classified under two groups, depending on the severity and nature of the lesion.

Digestive Problems: symptoms

The Pathology of the digestive system can manifest with a syndrome of gastric or intestinal indigestion, pain in the abdomen and changes in the nature of a chair. In some cases, observed symptoms of intoxication. The symptoms of the pathologies of the stomach include: pain in the epigastric region, nausea and vomiting after eating. Similar clinical manifestations observed in cholecystitis. The difference is that patients with inflammation of the gallbladder complain of pain in the right upper abdomen and a bitter taste in my mouth. Intestinal dyspepsia is characterized by a change in stool consistency (diarrhea, rarely-constipation) and flatulence. The discomfort can be in the region of the navel, in the left or right half of the abdomen.

In acute surgical pathologies of the pain intensity is stronger marked delay in the departing gas, increase in body temperature. Often patients are forced to lie or to take a forced position to facilitate.

Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Diagnosis of digestive disease based on clinical data and additional studies. First and foremost, patients must take the General analysis of blood and urine. Suspected inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs is necessary to determine the level of indicators such as bilirubin, ALT, AST, amylase. You should also take in a stool sample.

To the instrumental studies include x-rays, abdominal ultrasound and EGD. In some cases, requires additional diagnosis.

Which doctor should I contact?

What to do if you have digestive problems what kind of doctor can help? Gastrointestinal diseases cures gastroenterologist. However, before you sign up to it, is to pass the examination, which is prescribed by the physician or pediatrician. In the event of acute abdominal pain should call the emergency assistance exception for surgical pathologies requiring immediate surgical intervention.

Treatment of pathologies of the digestive system

The treatment is determined after diagnosis. In infectious and inflammatory disease antibiotic therapy is required. Use the drugs “Present”, “Cefazolin”, “Metronidazol”. For the treatment of enzyme deficiency used drugs “help”, “Pancreatin”. Also use anti-inflammatory and antisecretory funds.

Surgical treatment consists in the elimination of intestinal obstruction, remove the stones, tumors, suturing of the ulcer, etc.

Prevention of digestive disorders

To digestive problems did not arise again, it is necessary to observe preventive measures. These include:

1. Diet.
2. Thorough treatment of food products.
3. Hand Wash.
4. Cessation of Smoking and alcohol.

If you experience discomfort in the abdomen, violations of the chair or nausea, you should take the survey and find out the cause of the problem.